Dermatology Midterm Topic 1 (Lesions)

Front 1

macule

Back 1

-a circumscribed change of color
-it depends sometimes in variations in the melanin content

Front 2

acromic macule

Back 2

a macule with no melanin (a completely white macule...albinism?

Front 3

hypochromic macule

Back 3

a macule with less melanin than normal

Front 4

hyperchromic macule

Back 4

a macule with more melanin than normal (facial chloasma)

Front 5

if a macule is red or pink it means what?

Back 5

that it is induced by inflammation and there is vasodilation

Front 6

macules can be purple (echymosis) and this is due to what?

Back 6

due to to blood pigment deposits on the skin which is due to extravastation

Front 7

papules

Back 7

-raised solid lesions under 1 cm in diameter
-superficial lesions
-usually include only the papillary dermis
-can be due to inflammation

Front 8

True or False--papules are also seen in vital warts and deposits of degenerative material (ex: amyloid in amyloidosis)

Back 8

True

Front 9

nodule

Back 9

-oval-shaped lesion
-solid
-greater than 1cm in diameter
-deep lesion that usually includes the whole dermis and even subcutaneous tissue

Front 10

True or False--nodules are not common in granulomatous conditions like leprosy, TB, sarcoidosis

Back 10

false

Front 11

True or False--nodules are common in tumors.

Back 11

true

Front 12

true or false--sometimes when nodules are in subcutaneous tissue you can only palpate them...and they don't grow over the top (ex. vasculitis?...)

Back 12

true

Front 13

vesicle

Back 13

-raised lesion with fluid under 1 cm in diameter
-they are superficial

Front 14

true or false- vesicles are observed in inflammation of the skin

Back 14

true

Front 15

blister

Back 15

-raised lesion with fluid greater than 1cm in diameter
(ex. pemphicles, bullous impertigo, emptyme, steven johnson lesion)

Front 16

true or false---blisters are also known as bullaes

Back 16

true

Front 17

postules

Back 17

-a raised lesion containing pus ( a type of bacterial infection...pyrodermitis)

Front 18

Weal

Back 18

-a circumscribed area of dermal and hypodermal edema associated with erythema, with itching

Front 19

true or false---weals appear in groups, they have different signs

Back 19

true

Front 20

true or false---weals are permanent lesions

Back 20

false--weals are temporary lesions...they come and go and are considered typical lesion of ulticated(?)

Front 21

plaque

Back 21

-a ring-shaped lesion w/ raised active edge usually erythromatous and depressed
-seen in granulomatous conditions such as psoriasis

Front 22

true or false---plaques are hyperchromic with a hyperactive center

Back 22

false--plaques are hypochromic with a hypoactive center

Front 23

telangetasis

Back 23

-presence of dilated capillaries in skin cells
-ex. rosashy, actin keratosis, basal cell carcinoma

Front 24

sclerosis

Back 24

- a circumscribed area of induration
-impossible to fold the skin with 2 fingers (ex. scleroderma and collagen disease)

Front 25

morphea

Back 25

scleroderma only on the skin

Front 26

fissures

Back 26

-presence of lineal on skin due to dryness, due to chronic inflammation

Front 27

scales

Back 27

-presence of dead nucleated, cornified cells or skin cels
-due to exfoliation after an inflammatory process

Front 28

Cros

Back 28

-when exudate drys up

Front 29

scales and croses could manifest in which 4 ways?

Back 29

1. dry, white, and adhere (ex. psoriasis)
2. could be greasy, white, yellow (ex. seborrheic dermatitis)
3. hematogenous due to pruritis conditions and increase scratching (ex. scabies...)
4. can be honey appearance in cases of bacterial infection

Front 30

atrophy

Back 30

-a thinning of skin with reduction of epithelial appendage glands, and hair follicles, and usually a depression in the area (ex. atrophoderma)

Front 31

lichenification is usually seen due to what?

Back 31

-seen in chronic inflammation due to increase pruritis

Front 32

lichenification

Back 32

-a circumscribed area of thickening, where skin becomes very rough, dry, pigmented
-with scales and cros
-normal skin markings are very pronounced

Front 33

tumor

Back 33

-abnormal growth of skin with an abnormal proliferation of cells
-if cells are mature it is a benign tumor
-if cells are immature it is a malignant tumor

Front 34

ulcer

Back 34

-a circumscribed loss of tissue
-if very superficial it only affects the epidermis and therefore there is no bleeding (called excoriation)
-if upper dermis is included it is called "erosion"
-deep ulcers: all of derm is affected (ex. varicose ulcers...)