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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a set of nonverbal signals, including body movements, postures, gestures, and facial expressions, that gives expression to various physical, mental, and emotional states
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Body language
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naturally occurring concave forward curve present in the thoracic region of spine when viewed from the side
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Kyphosis
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naturally occurring concave forward curve present in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine when viewed from the side.
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Lordosis
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also called orthostatic hypotension; a fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness,syncope, and blurred vision that occurs upon standing or when standing motionless in a fixed position
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Postural hypotension
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flat position with head and feet on the same level
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Supine
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the modified supine position when the head is lower than the heart
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Trendelenburg
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What are the 4 body positions of the patient, USST
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Upright, semiupright, supine, trendelenburg
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What is the correct chair and light positioning for maxillary
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Lower back to the supine position, chin up
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What is the correct chair and light positioning for mandibular
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may move chair up a little, chin down
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What is the working distance from the patient?
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oral cavity 15-22 inches from clinicians eyes
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back in neutral postural alignment, head on top of neutral spine, eyes directed downward, do not bend neck more than 20 degrees, shoulders relaxed, elbows close to body, forearms parallel with floor, thighs:body weight distributed evenly, knees slightly apart, feet flat on floor
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neutral seating posture
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Self care for the DH PfSpCpNwpSm
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physical fitness, standard precautions, clinical practice, neutral working posture, stress management
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Dynamic postural integrity, physical fitness, management and relinqushment of stress
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Triad of musculoskeletal health
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characteristics of an acceptable stool
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base is broad and heavy, seat has seamless upholstry and firm padding, height adjustable, back adjustable, mobility complete, adjustments multiple, infection control friendly- all surfaces can be cleaned
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signs
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objective, observable evidence of an illness or disorder; a physical manifestation of a disorder that is apparent to a trained healthcare provider and sometimes to the patient
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symptoms
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any change in the body or its function that is perceived by the patient; the subjective experience of a disease or disorder
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How are charts documented and corrected?
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written in ink, corrected with a single line through the error, writing the correct information immediately after and signing the entry
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Who in the dental office is ultimately responsible for the accuracy of documents?
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the dentist
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what materials are used for charting?
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informed consent forms, radiographs, study casts, photographs, copies of correspondence with dental specialists or medical practitioners
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3 keys of HIPPA
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privacy, confidentiality, and security of patient information
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Types of examinations
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complete, screening, limited, follow up, and maintenance/reevaluation
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Examination methods
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visual:direct, radiographic, transillumination, palpation, instrumentation, percussion, electrical test, auscultation
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Types of visual examination
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direct, transillumination, and radiographic
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State of abnormal and individual hypersensitivity, acquired through exposure to a particular allergen
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allergy
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presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream
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bacteremia
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produced or derived from blood; disseminated through the blood stream
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hematogenous
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when the immune response is attenuated by administration of immunosuppressive drugs, by irradiation my, by malnutrition, or by certain disease processes
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immunocompromised
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SBE
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subacute bacterial endocarditis, now called endocarditis
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Preliminary medication; may be for the purpose of allaying apprehension, preventing bacteremia, or otherwise facilitating the clinical procedure
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Premedication
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Types of questions in the questionnaire
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System oriented, disease oriented, symptom oriented, culture oriented
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What items are included in personal history
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appointment planning and business aspects
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what items are included in medical history
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conditions for possible complications during treatment, disease that might need precautions or premedication before treatment, drugs that may influence or contraindicate certain procedures ex. anticoagulant, allergies, physiological state of pt.
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what item s are included in dental history
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CC, cause of main, previous dental care, attitude of patient to oral health, personal care exercised by patient
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broad in scope, time saving, consistent, no time restraint, patient can write things they don't want to verbalize, legal aspects of written record
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advantages of questionnaire
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disadvantages of questionnaire
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impersonal, inflexible
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a patient without apparent systemic disease; a normal healthy patient
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ASA I
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mild systemic disease
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ASA II
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severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating
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ASA III
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incapacitating systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
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ASA IV
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a moribund patient not expecting to survive 24 hours with or without care
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ASA V
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oxygen deficiency; a reduction of oxygen in the tissues can lead to deep respiration, cyanosis, increased pulse rate, and impairment of coordination
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Anoxia
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temporary cessation of breathing; absence of spontaneous respirations
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apnea
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unusually slow heartbeat evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate
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bradycardia
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the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions and the ventricles are dilated but the blood flowing into them; the lowest blood pressure
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Diastole
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higher than normal body temperature
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hyperthermia
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lower than normal body temperature
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hypothermia
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the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure; normally 40 mmHg
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pulse pressure
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an abnormal elevation of the body temperature above 37°C (98.6°F)
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pyrexia
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the contraction or period of contraction, of the heart, especially the ventricles, during which blood is forced into the aorta and the pulmonary artery; greatest pressure
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systole
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unusually fast heartbeat; at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute
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tachycardia
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the temperature of the deep tissues of the body; remains relatively constant; contrasts with body surface temperature, which rises and falls in response to environment
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core temperature
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listening for sounds produced within the body may be performed directly or with a stethoscope
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auscultation
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What should you do with a patient who has a temp of 41°C (105.8°F)
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treat as medical emergency, transport to hospital for care
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What factors increase blood pressure?
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exercise, eating, stimulants, and emotional disturbance, use of oral contraceptives
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What factors decrease blood pressure?
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fasting, rest, depressants, and quiet emotions, fainting, blood loss, shock
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What factors increase pulse?
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exercise, stimulants, eating, strong emotions, extremes of heat and cold, heart disease
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What factors decrease pulse?
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sleep, depressants, fasting, quiet emotions, low vitality from illness
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What factors increase respiration?
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work and exercise, excitement, nervousness, strong emotions, pain, hemorrhage, shock
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What factors decrease respiration?
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sleep, certain drugs, pulmonary insufficiency
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Factors to observe in respiration
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depth, rhythm, quality, sounds, position of patient
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Normal body temperature
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96.0°F to 99.5°F
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Normal pulse rate
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from 60 to 100 per minute
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Normal blood pressure
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less than 120/80
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Prehypertension
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120-139/80-89
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Hypertension stage 1
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140-159/90-99
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Hypertension stage 2
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greater than 160/100
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Sites for taking pulse
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radial-wrist, brachial-under arm, carotid-neck, temporal, and facial
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a little white or reddish ulcer
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aphtha
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outer scab-like layer of solid matter formed by drying of a body exudate or secretion
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crust
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back surface; opposite of ventral
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dorsal
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red area of variable size and shape; reaction to irritation, radiation, or injury
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erythema
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growing outward
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exophytic
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a benign bony growth projecting from the surface of bone
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exostosis
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hardened; abnormally hard
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indurated
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disease of the lymph nodes; regional lymph node enlargement
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lymphadenopathy
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perceiving by sense of touch
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palpation
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elevated lesion attached by a thin stalk
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pedunculated
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hemorrhagic spot of pinpoint to pinhead size
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petechia
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marked with points or punctures differentiated from the surrounding surface by color, elevation, or texture.
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punctate
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containing, forming, or discharging pus
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purulent
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reddening of the skin
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rubefacient
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induration or hardening
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sclerosis
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elevated lesion with a broad base
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sessile
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a collective term that includes a wide range of disorders of the masticatory system characterized by one or more of the following: pain in the preauricular area, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and muscles of mastication, with limitation or deviation in mandibular motion and TMJ sounds during mandibular function
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TMD Temporomandibular disorder
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bony elevation or prominence usually located on the mid-line of the hard palate (torus palatinus) and the lingual surface of the mandible in the premolar area (torus mandibularis)
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Torus
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motor disturbance of the trigeminal nerve, especially spasm of the masticatory muscles with difficulty in opening the mouth
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Trismus
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anterior or inferior surface; opposite of dorsal
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ventral
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a wartlike growth
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verruca
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use of a single finger
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digital palpation
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use of a finger and a thumb of the same hand
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bidigital palpation
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use of finger or fingers and thumb from each hand applied simultaneously in coordination
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bimanual palpation
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the two hands are used at the same time to examine corresponding structures on opposite sides of the body
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Bilateral palpation
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Blisterform lesions
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vesicle, pustule, and bulla
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vesicle
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small (1 cm or less)circumscribed lesion with thin surface covering may contain serum appear white
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pustule
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more or less than 5 mm in diameter, contains pus, yellowish
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bulla
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more than 1 cm, filled with serum, may contain blood
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Nonblisterform
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papule, nodule, tumor, plaque
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pinhead to 5 mm, pointed, rounded, or flat topped
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Papule
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larger than papule
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nodule
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2 cm or greater, does not refer to neoplasm
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tumor
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slightly raised with broad flat top, larger than 5 mm with pasted on appearance
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plaque
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surrounded by red border, loss of continuity of epithelium, may result from rupture of elevated lesion
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ulcer
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shallow, depressed lesion that does not extend through the epithelium to the underlying tissue
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erosion
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most common sites of oral cancer
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lateral of tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip, soft palate complex
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a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off or characterized as any other disease
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Leukoplakia
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lesions of the oral mucosa that appear as bright red patches or plaques that cannot be characterized as any specific disease
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erythroplakia
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Biopsy-excisional
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entire lesion is removed
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biopsy-incisional
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a representative section from the lesion is taken
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