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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intellectualization
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Excessive reasoning to avoid feelings; the thinking is disconnected from feelings, and situations are dealt with at a cognitive level. Example: A woman’s husband recently passed away. She is only focusing on the details of the funeral as opposed to the sadness and the grief.
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Denial
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consciously intolerable thoughts and impulses. Example: A client is denying that his physician’s diagnoses of cancer is correct and is seeking a second opinion.
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Regression
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Returning to an earlier developmental stage to express an impulse to deal with reality. Example: 2 roommates have gotten into an argument. One of them stomp off into another room and pouts; An 8 year old who wets the bed when hospitalized.
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Repression
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An unconscious process in which the client blocks undesirable and unacceptable thoughts from conscious expression. Example: A person’s father has passed away, but this person forgets the father’s funeral; Woman is unable to enjoy sex after having pushed out of awareness a traumatic sexual incident from childhood.
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Displacement
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– Feelings toward one person are directed to another who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute object; transfer of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another person, object, or situation that is nonthreatening. Example: A male client becomes belligerent toward the nurse after speaking with his mother on the phone; the person who has a bad day at work and comes home and yells.
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Somatization
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The process by which psychological distress is expressed as physical symptoms. It is an unconscious process. In somatization, the mental experiences or states are “converted” to bodily symptoms. Example: A tension headache: tension is converted to a headache.
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Rationalization
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An attempt to make unacceptable feelings and behaviors acceptable by justifying the behavior. Example: A person is stating that she was fired because she didn’t kiss up to the boss, when the real reason was her poor performance.
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Suppression
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The conscious, deliberate forgetting of unacceptable or painful thoughts ideas, and feelings. Example: A woman feels a breast lump before vacation, but waits to see the doctor until after she returns from vacation.
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Introjection
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– A type of identification in which the individual incorporates the traits or values of another into self. Example: After his wife’s death, husband has transient complaints of chest pains and difficulty breathing; the same symptoms his wife had before she died.
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Projection
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Transferring one’s internal feelings, thoughts, and unacceptable ideas and traits to someone else; the unconscious attributing of one’s own intolerable wishes, emotional feelings, or motivation to another. Example: A student who does poorly blames the teacher for not presenting the material correctly.
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Sublimation
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Replacement of an unacceptable need, attitude, or emotion with one more socially acceptable; the unconscious process of substituting constructive and socially acceptable activities for strong impulses that are not acceptable in their original forms. Example: A person is having strong sexual impulses that they do not want to act upon. This person instead focuses on rigorous exercise.
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Compensation
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Making up for deficits in one area by excelling in another area in order to raise or maintain self esteem. Example: A boy who is small in stature places his emphasis on academics rather than attempting to do sports.
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Acting out
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Performing an extreme behavior in order to express thoughts or feelings the person feels incapable of otherwise expressing. Example: Self-injury may be a form of acting-out, expressing in physical pain what one cannot stand to feel emotionally.
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Conversion
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The unconscious transfer of anxiety to a physical symptom that has no organic cause; the expression of emotional conflicts through physical symptoms. Example: Student is unable to take a final exam because of a terrible headache.
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Dissociation
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technique of putting threatening thoughts or feelings out of conscious awareness before they are able to trigger overwhelming and intolerable anxiety (splits threatening event from awareness; the blocking off of an anxiety-provoking event or period of time from the conscious mind. Example: A victim retells her situation while smiling and laughing about it.
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Fixation
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Never advancing to the next level of emotional development and organization; the persistence in later life of interests and behavior patterns appropriate to an earlier age.
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Identification
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Unconsciously taking on the thoughts, mannerisms, or behaviors of a person or group, in order to decrease anxiety. Example: A 5 year old girl dresses in her mother’s shoes and meets daddy at the door.
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Insulation
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Withdrawing into passivity and becoming inaccessible in order to avoid further threatening situations.
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Isolation
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Response in which a person blocks feelings associated with an unpleasant experience. Example: A medical student dissects a cadaver without being disturbed by death.
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Reaction formation
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Developing conscious attitudes and behaviors and acting out behaviors opposite to what one really feels. Example: Person is excessively polite to someone they dislike.
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Symbolization
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the conscious use of an idea or object to represent another actual event or objects; many times the meaning is not clear because the symbol may be representative of something unconscious. Example: A soldier, when asked why he volunteered, says, “to defend the flag.” He rejects as irrelevant a question about the purpose of the war.
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Undoing
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Engaging in behavior that is considered to be opposite of a previous unacceptable behavior, thought, or feeling. Example: A man has just insulted his significant other unintentionally. He now spends the next hour praising her beauty, charm, and intellect
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