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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four functions of the spine?
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- transmits body weight down into the pelvis
- protects the spinal cord and nervous system - shock absorber - allows for a wide range of motion |
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What do the curves of the spine allow for?
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Great shock absorption
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What are the 4 sections of the spine, and how many vertebrae are in each?
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- Cervical: 7
- Thoracic: 12 - Lumbar: 5 - Sacrum: 5 (fused) |
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Where are the vertebrae bigger and why?
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The weight bearing vertebrae get bigger as they go down because they have more weight to support
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Why are the sacrum and coccyx smaller than the lumbar?
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Because the weight of the body is transferred to the whole pelvis.
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What are the two main parts of a vertebrae?
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- body
- arch |
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What is the hole in the vertebrae called?
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The vertebral foramen
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When the vertebrae are stacked, what do the foramens create?
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The vertebral canal
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In what order do the spinal curves in babies form?
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- Cervical
- Thoracic - Lumbar |
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What lies in between each body of vertebrae?
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Intervertebral discs
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How are disks shaped, and what does that shape do to the spine?
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- They are wedge shaped
- It gives curve to the spine |
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What are intervertebral disks composed of?
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A jelly-like nucleus, which is surrounded by concentric rings of fibrous material called annulus fibers
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What do annulus fibers do?
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They attach to the body of vertebrae, and they grow and move together, providing for great range of motion
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What does the jelly-like nucleus of the disks do?
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Handles shock and compressive forces
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What happens when we get a herniated, or "slipped", disk?
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The annulus fibers become damaged which can allow jelly to escape.
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What's the difference between a herniated disk and a bulging disk?
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A herniated disk means jelly has escaped, but a bulging disk just has a bulge of jelly that doesn't quite escape
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What are the two purposes of the transverse processes?
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- bony anchors for muscles
- protect the spinal cord |
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What is the pedicle?
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The 1st arch away from the body
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Where does the transverse process originate?
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From the side of the pedicle
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What is the purpose of the transverse process?
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- Holds onto the ribs
- It's a place for muscle and ligament attachment |
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What is the lamina and how many are there on each vertebrae?
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Superior/inferior articulating facets; there are two
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What joint do the superior and inferior articulating facets form?
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Zygaphophyseal joints
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What kind of joint is the zygaphophyseal joint?
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Synovial joint
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Interlocking of the zygaphophyseal joint allows stability in which position?
And in which position is movement limited? |
- Allows stability when on all fours
- Movement is limited when standing |
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What movement is possible at the spine?
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- flexion
- extension - hyperextension - right rotation - left rotation - right lateral flexion - left lateral flexion |
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The heavier a person is, the _______ the curves in the spine.
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Deeper
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The sacral curve area is flexible until ages what?
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30-40
It stays flexible longer in dancers, however, which can cause problems |