D Bac Strep/entero - Test 2

Front 1

Where was/is it listed in bergey's?

Back 1

Edition 1 - vol 2 (gram + bacteria other than actinomycetes. NOW - edition 5 - actinomycetes

Front 2

taxonomy of corynebacterium

Back 2

Bacteria, actinobacteria, actinobacteria, corynebacteriales, corynebacteriaceae

Front 3

Two genera od corynebacterium

Back 3

corynebacterium amd Turicells

Front 4

What are the CMN families?

Back 4

Corynebacterium, Mycobacteriaceae, and Nocardiaceae

Front 5

CMN include what genera?

Back 5

gordonia and (corynebacterium and turicellis)

Front 6

What are the 4 biotypes of C. diphtheriae?

Back 6

mitis, gravis, intermedius, belfanti

Front 7

The C. diphtheriae group contains what bac?

Back 7

C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans (zoonotic) and C. pseudotuberculosis (zoonotic). zoonotic means it can be transferred from animals to humans

Front 8

Gram ?, mophology

Back 8

Gram +, straight or slightly curved rods that are clubshaped. cells often arranged in V or L formation or palisades

Front 9

Motile? Acid fast? Anaerodes? Catalase?

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Non-motile, non-acid fast, facultative anerobes, catalase-positive

Front 10

Two special things about corynebacterium

Back 10

undergo snapping division. form metachromatic granules

Front 11

Natural habitat and transmission of C. diphtheriae

Back 11

nasopharynx, or skin lesions, not found on animals. Transmitted by direct contact or sneezing and coughing

Front 12

What gives diphtheria toxin?

Back 12

corynephage or phage Beta

Front 13

What the 3 domains of the single polypeptide?

Back 13

A (active) or catalytic (C).....B (binding) or Receptor (R)..... T (transmembrane) of Tether

Front 14

What does the B domain do in diphtheria toxin?

Back 14

binds to the cell surface receptor (HB-EGF) and the toxin is brought in by endocytosis

Front 15

What does the T domain do in diphtheria toxin?

Back 15

release the active part of the polypeptide into the cytoplasm

Front 16

What does the A domain do in diphtheria toxin?

Back 16

works in the cytosol to catalyze the NAD+ dependent transfer ADP-ribose molecule to the EF-2. It inactivates the factor and inhibits protein synthesis

Front 17

What does the diphtheria toxin work on?

Back 17

the oropharyngeal cells

Front 18

C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis produce what additional virulence factor

Back 18

Phospholipase D

Front 19

What are the corynobacterium that have clinical significance?

Back 19

C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, C. jeikium, and C. urealyticum

Front 20

nasopharyngeal C. diphtheria

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pseudomembrane, coating of the trachea, cervical lymph node swelling (bull neck diphtheriae)

Front 21

cutaneous C. diphtheria

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skin lesions covered by a gray-brown pseudomembrane

Front 22

Diphtheria toxin --- life threatening by....

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toxin acting on the heart

Front 23

Diphtheria treatment

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penicillin, preventing respiratory obstruction (tracheostomy), anti-toxin (made in horses) ****can only neutralize the toxin BEFORE it enters the cells

Front 24

Vaccine

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given to infant, formalin to make toxoid, part of the DTaP vaccine

Front 25

Alberts stain

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show metachromatic granules (toluidine blue, methylene green and iodine)

Front 26

Growing corynebacterium

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tinsdale agar that contains tellurite (colonies are greyish black), some, lipophilic, grow best on 1% tween 80

Front 27

Pyrazinamidase test

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most non-toxigenic species of Corynebacterium possess enzyme pyrazamidase (pyrazinamide----P-dase---> amonia + pyrazinoic acid) Non toxigenic don't have this enzyme

Front 28

Cystinase test

Back 28

production of H2S from cystine in Tinsdale medium. This is why the colonies are black, all corynebacterium are positive

Front 29

vivo neutralization assay

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inject rabbits/guinea pigs with culture broth and antitoxin

Front 30

vitro immunodiffusion assay

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also called the Elek test. Heavy inoculum and filter paper with antitoxin at 90 degree angle. Within 24 hours a visible line will form

Front 31

Shick testing

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used to assess immunity to diphtheria

Front 32

corynebacterium genes tested for

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tox, rpoB, pld

Front 33

Bacitracin

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Group A is sensitive. Recycling of the lipid carrier, bactoprenol

Front 34

SXT

Back 34

Sulfamethoxaxole-Trimethoprim. Used to tell group a and B strep from other B hemolytic. Non a and not B are sensitive

Front 35

CAMP

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Christie Atkins, Munch-Peterson. co-hemolysin factor, group B positive

Front 36

Hippurate test

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positive for group B strep. detects hippuricase enzyme

Front 37

PYR hydrolysis test

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group a and enterococci. detedts pyrrolidonyl arylamidase

Front 38

Bile esculin test

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group d strep and enterococci. bile inhibits growth of other gram _ and azide inhibits growth of other gram -

Front 39

Optochin and Bile solubility

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optochin = antimetabolite. S. pneumoniae positive

Front 40

Salt tolerance test

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6.5% NaCl. enterococcus are salt tolerant. Streptococci are salt sensitive

Front 41

What DNA based diagnostic assays will detect - streptococci

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primers emm and ply

Front 42

PCR-RFLP

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Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. short internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rRNA genes.

Front 43

Multiplex PCR

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Polymerase Chain reaction. uses primers from several genes simultaneously.

Front 44

RAPD analysis

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Random Amplified Polymophic Dna

Front 45

SDS-PAGE

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Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis

Front 46

Where do enterococcus come from?

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(changed in 1980 revamp) In bergey's manual 1st edition they were included in the genus Streptococcus in Lancefield Antigen group D

Front 47

Classification of Entercoccus

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Domain: Bacteria. Phylum: firmicutes. Class: Bacilli. Order: Lactobacillales. Family: Enteroscoccaceae

Front 48

Vagococcus

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One of the 4 genera of enterococcaceae. formly group N streptococci. motile

Front 49

General Properities of Enterococci

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Same as Streptococcaceae

Front 50

Natural Habitats of Enterococci

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mammal GI tract. Bird GI tract. E. mudtii and E. casseliflavus (both yellow pigmentation) are plant-associated.

Front 51

What are the pathogenic bac of enterococci?

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trick question! there's only one--- E. faecalis

Front 52

E. facalis pathogenesis

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AS - Aggregation substance - adhesion to euk cells and antiphagocytic. Lipoteichoic acids (polygercerol an for adhesin). Extra cellular superoxide anion production - damages tissue. Cytolysin - (works against RBC, WBC and some gram + bacteria

Front 53

Enterococcus clinical significance

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bacteremia, endocarditis, endophthalmitis (intraocular infection), endodontic infections

Front 54

Enterococcus ranks second to staphylococcus as a cause of

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nosocomial infections

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Enterococcus treatment

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cell-wall active agent (penicillin or vancomycin) + aminoglycoside (gentamicin or streptomycin)

Front 56

Enterococcus resistance

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penicillin (PBP), aminoglyceride by aminoglycoside enzymes, and vancomycin (modify target)

Front 57

Enterococci growth

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usually grown on blood agar. E faecalis is large colonies Beta or gamma. E faecium colonies are small and alpha hemolytic

Front 58

ID enterococci

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presense of group D antigen, grow in harsh envs (6.5% NaCl, pH 9.6, 10C - 45C)

Front 59

Tests that are positive for enterococci

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(RAV-BEL) Voges-proskaeur, Leucine amino peptidase, Esculin hydrolysis, bile resistant, acid from ribose

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Tests negative for enterococci

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Urease, Acid from xylulose

Front 61

DNA-based diagnostic assays for enterococci

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ddl, tuf, cpn60, and cpn10