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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behaviorism |
the position that psychology should concern itself only with what people and other animals do, and the circumstances in which they do it |
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Unconditioned Reflexes |
between a stimulus such as food and a response such as secreting digestive juices |
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Classical Conditioning (Pavlonian) |
process by which an organism learns a new association between two stimuli- a neutral stimulus and one that already evokes a reflective response |
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Unconditioned Stimulus |
an event that automatically elicits an unconditioned response |
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Unconditioned Response
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the action that the unconditioned stimulus elicits
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Conditioned Stimulus |
response to it depends on the preceding conditions |
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Conditioned Response |
whatever response the conditioned stimulus elicits as a result of the conditioning, procedure. |
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Acquisition |
process that establishes or strengthens a conditioned response |
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Extinction |
to extinguish a classically conditioned response, repeatedly present the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Spontaneous Recovery |
a temporary return of an extinguished response after a delay |
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Stimulus Generalization |
extension of a conditioned response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli
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Discrimination |
to respond differently to stimuli that predict different outcomes |
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Drug Tolerance |
users of certain drugs experience progressively weaker effects after taking the drug repeatedly |
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Law of Effect |
behavior is determined by its consequences |
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Reinforcement |
process of increasing the future of probability of the most recent response |
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Operant Conditioning |
the process of changing behavior by providing a reinforcement after a response |
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Primary Reinforcer |
that are reinforcing because of their own properties |
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Secondary Reinforcer |
that became reinforcing by association with something else |
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Positive Reinforcement |
presenting something such as food |
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Negative Reinforcment |
involves the subtraction or removal of an event following a behavior and increases the likelihood of that behavior |
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Punishment |
decreases the probability of a response |
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Extinction (Operant) |
if responses stop producing reinforcements |
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Stimulus Generalization |
the more similar a new stimulus is to the original reinforced stimulus, the more likely is the same response |
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Discriminative Stimulus |
stimulus that indicates which response is appropriate or inappropriate |
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Shaping |
establishing a new response by reinforcing successive approximations to it |
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Chaining |
reinforcing each one with the opportunity to engage in the next one |
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Continuous Reinforcement |
provide reinforcement for every correct response |
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Intermittent Reinforcement |
reinforcement for some responses and not for others |
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Behavior Modification |
psychologist removes reinforcement for unwanted behaviors and provides reinforcement for more acceptable behaviors |
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Conditioned Taste Aversion |
food with illness |
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Social Learning Approach |
we learn about many behaviors by observing the behaviors of others |
