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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Loop
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A structure that repeats while some condition continues to be true.
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Types of loops
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While (pre-test)
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While loop
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pre-test loop. Always based on a boolean expression
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Types of while loops
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Sentinel
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Sentinel-controlled While loop
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continues until a certain value (variable or constant) is met.
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Count-controlled While loop
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uses a numeric variable to count the repetitions until the boolean expression is met.
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Flag-controlled loop
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uses a boolean variable as the loop control variable.
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Do-until loop
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test is done after the main loop structure executes
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For loop
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automatically initializes the loop control variable
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Nesting loops
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loops may be put within other loops.
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File
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A type of data made of records (usually text) which can be read by a program.
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Give 5 examples of input devices?
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1. Mouse 2. key board 3. microphone 4. touch screen 5. scanner
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Define the term output device?
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Output is a device that is used to see all the data you inputted into the computer.
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Give 5 examples of output device
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1. speakers 2. printer 3. headphones 4. projector 5. monitor
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Define the term processing device?
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A processing device is a type of hardware that tranfers the inpuuted data to an output device.
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Define the term input device?
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Input is a device where a piece of hardware that is used to put data into the computer system.
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When you declare an object...
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...the name is a memory address, or reference.
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Name the three control structures
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Sequence
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In a sequence structure...
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...you perform a sequence of events
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In a selection (decision) structure...
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...you ask a question
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How many types of selection structures are there?
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Single alternative/unary (if-then)
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Repetition structure
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Also known as an Iteration or Loop structure. In this structure
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While loop/while-do loop
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In these loops
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Stacking
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attaching structures end to end.
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Nesting
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putting a structure within another.
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do-until loop
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makes sure a procedure executes at least once
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Priming read/priming input
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beginning statement in a structure.
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Block
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a group of statements that execute as a whole.
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Boolean expressions/logic
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only has two states: true or false. Boolean expressions work in the selection structure.
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Boolean operators
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are NOT,AND,OR. Boolean operators follow an order of operations that is as follows, NOT,AND,OR. These operators create what are know as Compound conditions. |
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NOT operator
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Reverses the meaning of a boolean expression. NOT is evaluated first.
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AND operator
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combines decisions so that both/all must be true for an action to occur.
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AND is evaluated second (or first
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if there is no NOT operator).
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OR operator
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combines decisions so that only one must be true for an action to occur. OR is evaluated last.
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Boolean orders of operations
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Parenthesis/brackets
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Relational comparison operators
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symbols that express boolean operations such as =,<,>,<=,>=
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Case structure
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A convenient alternative to other structures. Allows one selection between multiple alternatives by testing a variable between several values. Replaces if-then-else structure.
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what is the smallest number that can be represented in 8 bits?
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- 128
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