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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three hardware components?
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1. The CPU?Processor 2. Primary Memory and Secondary Storage 3. Peripherals |
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Central Processing Unit |
- Only performs basic operations (arithmetic, comparisons, logic). - Does it really fast. - Each has its own machine language (Intel CPU can talk to each other. - Key characteristics: 1. Make and model 2. Speed 3. Number of Cores 4.Power Consumption 5. Cache |
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Secondary Storage |
Hard drive, flash drives, typically contains OS, programs, etc. |
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Primary Memory (RAM) |
Workplace of the computer- executes display and calculates what is going on in your computer. OS copies applications over to primary memory then states program CPU cannot access the secondary storage directly. |
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Differences between primary memory and secondary storage |
Primary Memory: Low capacity - few gigabytes, significantly faster, CPU can directly access primary memory, temporary. Secondary Storage: High capacity - few terabytes, relatively slow, needs to be copied to primary memory, secure and permanent. |
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Peripherals. |
Hardware and Physical devices other than the CPU. Event based vs polling based peripherals. Event based peripherals are the driver the connects information from the peripheral and tells the CPU to take an action. (Mouse) Polling based peripherals are the operating system turns to the peripheral when it is needed to collect information. (Camera) Consumes less power. |
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Software and Operating Systems: Application Programs |
Interacts with the users. Made up of instructions: CPU instructions, Data (text,pictures etc), Operating system requests: peripheral requests or access to secondary storage. |
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Software and Operating Systems: System Programs |
Designed to operate with the computer in the background. 3 OS components: Kernal: Manage resources and responds to application requests. (Most important) Bundled applications: makes OS more useful Shell/User interface: Launching/closing applications, 'windowing' system to switch between applications, etc. |
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Network Organizaiton |
Purpose: allows two computers to communicate Basic Communication 3 Layers of communication 1. Physical layer (ethernet, cable modems, cellular (3G, LTE). 2. TCP/IP (middle Layers) two separate layers. 3. Higher Layer Protocols |
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Basic Communication |
Asynchronous Communication: There is a time lag in communication. Text/video messaging. Synchronous Communication: both parties are communicating at the same time. Real life conversations. |
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IP (Middle Layer) |
IP Address: -Source and destination address -Needs to be looked up by DNS servers (Domain Name System) -DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) assigns temporary IP addresses - Most are 4 numbers ranging between (0-255) each separated by a period. -Supports around 4 billion devices. For additional addresses: -IPv6 -NAT (network address translation): allows local networks to share a single IP address. |
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TCP (Middle Layer) |
TCP (transmission control protocol): Quality Control. -Breaks messages into packets -acknowledges received packets -requests resending of missing packets -reassembling of packets. |
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Higher Layer Protocols |
Concerned with the contents of message. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): messaging protocol for requesting and providing web pages, https -messages are encrypted. URL (uniform resource location) requests a webpage. https://uwaterloo.ca~cs100/AcadmicIntegrity.pdf. Protocol: https Name: uwaterloo.ca Reference: ~cs100/AcademicIntegrity.pdf Other protocols: DHCP & DNS, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), & SFTP and POP, SMTP & IMAP |
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Decimal to Binary Conversions |
Convert the number 37 to binary. 37-128= 0 2^7 37-64= 0 2^6 37-32= 1 2^5 , R:5 5-16=0 2^4 5-8= 0 2^3 5-4= 1 2^2 R: 1 1-2 = 0 2^1 1-1= 1 R: 0 00100101 is the binary conversion of 37 |
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Hexadecimal Conversions |
First convert 37 to binary, 0010 0101 Set the binary in groups of 4 0010 0101 Use chart to convert. Hexadecimal: 25 |
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Excel Syntax |
Syntax: a set of of rules about how characters must be combined. Excel Syntax: = function (parameter1, parameter2) Different functions may have different parameters. |
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Absolute vs. Relative references |
Relative references change when the formulas are copied or dragged to other cells. Absolute references do not chase. Ex. $E$2, $B3, G$19 |
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SUMIF and COUNTIF |
COUNTERIF has 2 parameters COUNTIF(Range,Criteria) Used to calculate the number of cells that meet a certain condition. SUMIF has three parameters SUMIF(Range,Criteria,[sum_range]) Used to calculate the number of cells that meet a certain condition, and then add up the cells that meet that condition. Sum_range is optional, takes a sum of a different range that is other than the one you are checking. |
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VLOOKUP |
Has 4 parameters. 1.Lookup value 2. Table Array 3. Column Index Number 4. Range Lookup (False takes up an exact match where as true allows for an inexact match.) Boolean Value =vlookup(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num, [range_lookup]) |
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Indirect Function |
Takes one parameter, a string and converts it into a cell address. =INDIRECT("dog") would output the contents of a cell named dog If indirect takes a cell address as its parameter such as INDIRECT(A6), it will take that string contained with that cell and convert it into a cell address. |
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Other Important Functions: SUM IF Concatenate Average Count Max Min |
IF(A6<5, true, false) Concatenate(F13, "and", F14) quotation is important unless there is a cell named and. SUM(A1:B2) |
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Excel Errors |
#Div/0!: Can't divide by zero #N/A: No value is available/no value matches the request. #Name?: A name used in the formula does not match those defined. #Num!: There is a problem with a number #ref!: formula refers to a cell that is not valid #Value!: You are trying to perform an operation on incompatible types. (Sums of letters). |
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Different types of charts |
Use bar charts to compare discrete values of data. (price of icecreams at different stores. Use line charts to view trends in the data over a period of time. (stocks) Use pie charts to compare Data that are proportion of a whole. |