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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Crime
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Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of state federal or local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse
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Individual rights
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The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US Constitution
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Theme of the book
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Individual rights versus public order
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Individual rights advocate
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One who seeks to protect personal freedom within the process of criminal justice
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Public order advocate
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One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threats to public safety the interest of society should take precedence over individual rights
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Criminal justice system
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The police, correctional agencies, and criminal courts
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Due process
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Right guaranteed by 5th 6th and 14th amendment
Criminal justice case proceedings be conducted with fairness and equality |
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Law
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a rule of Conduct generally found enacted in the form of a statue that prescribes or mandate certain forms of behavior
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Statutory law
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The written or confined in law the law on the books as enacted by a government body or agency having the power to make laws
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Penal Code
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The written organized and completed form of the criminal laws of jurisdiction
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Case law
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The body of judicial precedent historically built on legal reasoning and past interpretations of statutory laws that serve as a guide to decision making especially in the courts
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Common law
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The body of law originating from usage and custom rather than from written statues originally developed by English courts based on non-statutory customs and traditions and precedents that help guide you to show decision making
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Rule of law
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the maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles and known codes that are applied you uniformly and fairly to all of its members
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Types of law
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Criminal law
Statutory law Civil law Administrative law Case law |
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General categories of crime
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Felonies
Misdemeanors Offenses Inchoate offenses Treason and Esplonage |
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reasonable force
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A degree of force that is appropriate in a given situation and is not excessive
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Double jeopardy
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A common law and constitutional prohibition against a second trial for the same offense
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Police agencies
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Blank are the primary enforce law under federal local and state governments
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10 to 20 percent
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Require a law enforcement response
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Community policing
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A philosophy that promotes organizational strategies which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime social disorder and fear of crime
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Anti terrorism
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Increased social tension to maintain a close interactive dialogue between lawn forcement in the community
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Fourth Amendment
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The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause
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Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
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A legal principle that exclude from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search and seizures
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Miranda warnings
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1. You have the right to remain silent. 2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law.
3. You have the right to talk to a lawyer and to have a lawyer present while you are being questioned. 4. If you want a warrior before ordering questioning the cannot afford to hire a lawyer 1 will be appointed to represent you at no cost before any questioning. 5. If you answer questions now without a lawyer here you still have the right to stop answering questions at anytime. |
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Sneak and peek search
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a search that occurs in the suspects absence and without his or her prior knowledge also known as a delayed notification search
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USA PATRIOT Act
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A federal law enacted in response to terrorism attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9 11
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Rodney King incident
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Please abused a man laughing having fun he had been speeding and refuse to stop 115 mph
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search and seizures
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is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems whereby police or other authorities and their agents, who suspect that a crime has been committed, do a search of a person's property and confiscate any relevant evidence to the crime.
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Police organization and structure
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Two categories line operations and staff operations
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Nature and purpose of law
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Primary functions of the law is to maintain public order regulate human interaction enforce moral benefits define the economic environment of the society enhance predictability promote orderly social change sustain individual rights identify wrongdoers and redress wrongs and mandate punishment and retribution
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what do laws do
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laws maintain order in a society
laws regulate human interaction. Laws enforce moral beliefs. Laws defend the economic environment. Laws enhanced predictability. Law support the powerful. Laws promote orderly social change. Laws and individual rights. Laws redress wrongs. Laws identify wrongdoers. Laws mandate punishment and retribution. |
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Brief history
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Immigration civil war, prohibition, civil rights movement, crimes increased seventy's, drugs and increased crime eighty's, rodney king, 911, u_s_a patriot act, white collar crime,oshama bin laden, mass shootings and random violence
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police interrogation
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the information gathering activity of police officers that involve the direct questioning of suspects
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criminology
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scientific study of the causes and preventition of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders
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Social justice
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Embraces all aspects of civilized life and is the link to broader notions of fairness and right and wrong
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Civil justice
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Aspects of social justice and cannot be separated from it because the justice enacted in civil and criminal courts reflect basic American understandings of right and wrong
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Criminal justice
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an important mechanism in which justice can be achieved
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Investigation, warrant, arrest and booking
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The case process begins with the ______of a crime that has been discovered evidence gathered with ________ when _______provides the legal basis for police and _______ were picture and fingerprinting
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First appearance
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Magistrate tells suspects of the charges advise them of their rights and sides though
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Preliminary hearing
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To determine whether or not there is sufficient evidence to continue the criminal justice process
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Information or indictment
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Prosecutor may seek to continue the case by filing blank with the court while others choose blank and must be returned by a grand jury
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Adjudication
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Cases are resolved either by a criminal trial or the entry of a guilty plea
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Sentencing
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Once a person is convicted the judgments impose a what
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Corrections
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The blank. Begins falling sentencing and involves a variety of sentences that can be imposed on a defendant
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Reentry
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Offenders on probation do not go to prison but are required to follow various imposed restrictions
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Evidence based practice
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Refers to crime fighting shouted she is that has been scientifically tested and are based on social science research
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Multiculturalism
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Dicks instance within 1 Society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities well forget Lee accepting and participating in the largest side is legal and political systems
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social diversity
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The condition of being different
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Criminal law
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Refers to the body of rules and regulations that define what behaviors are criminal and specifies punishments for offences of a public nature or 4 wrong committed against the state of our society
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Substantive law
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Describes what constitutes particular crime and specifies the appropriate punishment for each particular offense
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Procedural law
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Is the body of rules that determines the proceedings by which legal rights are enforced
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Civil law
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Forces on regulating relationships between and among people businesses and other organizations and government agencies non-criminal relationships
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Administrative law
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focus is on the regulations created by government to control businesses industries and individuals
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Felonies
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Serious crimes such as murder and rape
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Misdemeanors
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Relatively minor crimes such as petty theft punishable by less than a year in prison
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Offenses
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Minor violations such as spitting on the sidewalk in littering
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Treason and espionage
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most serious felonies
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Corpus delicti
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Body of the crime is the set of facts that shows that a crime has occurred
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Criminal defenses
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Alibi justification excuse and procedural defense
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Inchoate offenses
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Offense is not yet completed such as conspiracy
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General features of a crime
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Actus Reus
Men's Rea concurrence causation harm legality punishment necessary attendant circumstances |