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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two crimes unique to the Roman time period?
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1) Being a Christian - which is punished by being thrown to the lions 2) Attacking the emperor |
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what are the three main types of crime in the Roman period? |
1) Crime against possessions. E.g theft 2) Crime against the person e.g violence 3) Crime against authority e.g plotting against the emperor |
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What are some of the crimes during Roman times? |
1) Burglary 2) selling underweight bread 3) petty theft |
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What trial was given to major crimes in the Roman period? |
cases were tried by magistrates with a jury. Both sides gave evidence and then the jury would decide if he/she was guilty. The magistrate then decides the sentence. |
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What was the trial for minor crime in Roman times? |
At the magistrates court and judge was chosen, both sides would give evidence and then judge reached his decision. |
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Trial for very serious crimes? |
Tried by the Roman governor of Britain |
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What where the 5 different types of policing in Roman times? |
1) Vigiles 2) Urban cohorts 3)praetorian guard 4) the Aediles 5) Roman legions |
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What was the job of Vigiles (Roman) |
Looked for fires, patrolled streets, captured runaway slaves. There were 7000 |
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What was the job of Urban cohorts? (Roman) |
To stop riots |
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What was the Job of Praetorian guard ? (Roman) |
Emperors guards , had to protect him |
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What was the job of Aediles ? (Roman) |
They are like our trading standard offices |
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What was the job of Roman legions ? (Roman) |
In charge of dealing with riots and disorder |
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What were punishments like in Roman times? |
Brutal and violent as they didn't believe you can fix a criminal they just wanted revenge |
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What were some of the punishments used by the Romans ? |
- death penalty - flogging and beating - cutting off limbs - sent to exile - forced to become a gladiator - crucifixion - thrown to the lions - public humiliation |
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What were the punishments for citizens? |
Death for serious crimes such as arson. Punishments for lesser crimes such as theft: whipping, repaying coat of goods. |
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What were the punishments for nobles? |
Sentenced to death for serious crimes but allowed to go into exile instead. |
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What were the punishments for slaves? |
All the slaves in a household were crucified if one of them murdered or tried to murder their master |
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New punishments to Anglo Saxon. |
Blood feud- allowed the victims of crime to publish criminals themselves. Wet guild - fines paid to the victims of crime as compensation. |
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Other punishments still used In Anglo Saxon times? |
Flogging Execution Cutting of limbs and tongue
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What was the benefit of the clergy? |
It was a way to escape the death penalty, introduced in Middle Ages. If someone could read the neck verse from the bible to claim safety from the church |
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Two types of policing introduced in Anglo Saxon- middles ages. |
Tithings - group of ten men over 12. If one broke the law the others had to bring him tot court of pay a fine. Hue and cry- if a victim of a crime called out for help the entire village had to join in the hunt to find the criminal. |
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What where the two types of trial used in Anglo Saxon time |
Trial by jury - people from village who knew both victim and accused Trial by ordeal - hot iron, hot and cold water, by fire. Used if they could not decide guilty or innocent. So a test for God to show truth |
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New crimes in Norman times |
The forest laws made it a crime to kill animals in the Kings forest or cut down trees without permission |
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Policing used in Norman times |
- Tithings - Hue and cry - Constables - richest man in village - Sherif |
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How did trails change in Norman times ? |
Adding trial by combat More county courts set up for serious crimes |
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How did the church have an impact on decisions made in Norman times? |
The church had a greater influence over crimes |
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In what ways did the church make changes in Norman times? |
- immoral actions became crimes - church courts, set up to deal with those not following church rites - benefit of the clergy - right of sanctuary |
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What is the right of sanctuary ( Norman) ? |
Nobody can be arrested if they where in a church. If they confessed their crime, they would be allowed to leave the country. |
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What type of punishments where used in Norman times? |
- use of death penalty rose dramatically as did mutilations and amputations - death penalty included more crimes such as theft - fines payable to the king - Murdrum fine - if a Norman was murdered all the people in the region had to pay a fine -whipping,stocks for minor crimes |
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How did attitudes to women change during the middles ages? |
-It was worse under the Normans. -Women were protected by Saxons but Normans took that away. -women couldn't defend themselves |
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New Crimes in the Tudor+ Stuart's period, also known as early modern period |
- begging which became a crime in the 16th century - new highway robbery due to improved roads because of trade growing - smuggling, tax increase and made new trade restrictions. |
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Which crimes increased during Early modern. |
-More street criminals "footpads" due to increase in population. More people moved to urban areas - increase in poaching, reduction of common land - more people committing Heresy, due to changes in people beliefs, and religion of the monarch |
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What punishments where used in early modern period? |
Physical punishments which the public could watch to shame criminals and deter others - houses of correction, first prisons where beggars where sent from 1576 - transportation from late 17th century. For petty or political criminals |
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Policing during the early modern period. |
-Watchman or 'Charlies' were paid to patrol London - constables were unpaid parish officials, arrested beggars and petty criminals - thief takers, paid by the victim of a crime to catch the criminal and bring them to justice. - mounted patrols, stop highway robbery - customs officers, stop smuggling |
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Trials used in early modern period |
- minor cases tried locally by justices of the peace - more serious crimes were heard by groups of JP's with local men serving a jury. - Most serious crimes heard by royal judges who were the only ones able to pass a death sentence |
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What is the The Golden metwand introduced in early modern |
That no-one is above the law = 1649 Charles 1st was executed for starting war against his own people |
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Who were the justices of peace brought in by ? |
Elizabeth the first |
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Why did begging increase in early modern ? |
Increased unemployment, no system to help beggars because they where viewed as a threat to society, hated + feared. People resented paying out to help them. |
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Laws passed against begging |
- 1494 , vagabonds and beggars act, beggars put in stocks for 3 days and nights then sent back to where born or most well known - 1547 vagrancy act, beggars forced to work and could be whipped + branded. Act was repealed as it was impossible to enforce |
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In 1531 beggars where classed in two ways : |
1) deserving - sick or injured, given a badge and allowed to beg 2) sturdy - considered lazy and would be punished |
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Why was treason more common in early modern ? |
Because - dispute over who should be king e.g war of the roses - some people wanted a monarch with a different religion. Such as the gunpowder plot |
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What happened to crime against property in the Industrial Age |
Due to urbanisation, crimes against property rose in this period |
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What happened to crime against property in the Industrial Age |
Due to urbanisation, crimes against property rose in this period |
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What happened to crime against authority in the Industrial Age? |
Treason fell. The French Revolution in 1789 made the government and upper classes afraid that something similar would happen. |
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What happened to crime against property in the Industrial Age |
Due to urbanisation, crimes against property rose in this period |
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What happened to crime against authority in the Industrial Age? |
Treason fell. The French Revolution in 1789 made the government and upper classes afraid that something similar would happen. |
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What happened to crime against the person in the Industrial Age? |
- violent crimes decreased overall - in 1850s concern about garrotters who used chloroform or part-strangled them to rob them. - the horrific Jack the Ripper murders in 1888 were widely reported in newspapers + caused widespread fear. |
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What happened to crime against property in the Industrial Age |
Due to urbanisation, crimes against property rose in this period |
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What happened to crime against authority in the Industrial Age? |
Treason fell. The French Revolution in 1789 made the government and upper classes afraid that something similar would happen. |
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What happened to crime against the person in the Industrial Age? |
- violent crimes decreased overall - in 1850s concern about garrotters who used chloroform or part-strangled them to rob them. - the horrific Jack the Ripper murders in 1888 were widely reported in newspapers + caused widespread fear. |
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What happened to smuggling during the Industrial Age ? |
It increased, due to high tax on imported goods. Smugglers made large profits by bringing in goods illegally + not paying tax. Then selling them on. - taxes were cut in 1850 so smuggling decreased |
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What happened to crime against property in the Industrial Age |
Due to urbanisation, crimes against property rose in this period |
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What happened to crime against authority in the Industrial Age? |
Treason fell. The French Revolution in 1789 made the government and upper classes afraid that something similar would happen. |
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What happened to crime against the person in the Industrial Age? |
- violent crimes decreased overall - in 1850s concern about garrotters who used chloroform or part-strangled them to rob them. - the horrific Jack the Ripper murders in 1888 were widely reported in newspapers + caused widespread fear. |
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What happened to smuggling during the Industrial Age ? |
It increased, due to high tax on imported goods. Smugglers made large profits by bringing in goods illegally + not paying tax. Then selling them on. - taxes were cut in 1850 so smuggling decreased |
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What punishments where used in the Industrial Age? |
- the feeling that execution was too harsh was growing. - transportation used as an alternative - more criminals sent to prison. |
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What was the policing in the Industrial Age ? |
1749-1829 - watchmen, patrol cities on foot at night - parish constables, dealt with petty crime - soldiers, put down roots+ large protests - bow street runners |
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What was the policing in the Industrial Age ? |
1749-1829 - watchmen, patrol cities on foot at night - parish constables, dealt with petty crime - soldiers, put down roots+ large protests - bow street runners |
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Who where the bow street runners? |
Set up by the fielding brothers from 1749 paid to track down criminals and stolen property. The aim to increase the amount of criminals sent to court. Also set up the bow street horse patrols. |
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Who was Robert peel and what did he do ?
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- home secretary, persuaded parliament to pass the metropolitan police act (1829) which set up London's first police force. - He ended the bloody code by reducing the number of death penalty offences - also tried to reform the prison system with the goals act, 1823 |
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What was the policing in the Industrial Age ? |
1749-1829 - watchmen, patrol cities on foot at night - parish constables, dealt with petty crime - soldiers, put down roots+ large protests - bow street runners |
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Who where the bow street runners? |
Set up by the fielding brothers from 1749 paid to track down criminals and stolen property. The aim to increase the amount of criminals sent to court. Also set up the bow street horse patrols. |
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Who was Robert peel and what did he do ?
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- home secretary, persuaded parliament to pass the metropolitan police act (1829) which set up London's first police force. - He ended the bloody code by reducing the number of death penalty offences - also tried to reform the prison system with the goals act, 1823 |
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Main facts about the metropolitan police force |
- set up in London 1829 - recruits carefully selected and well trained - well paid jobs - uniform could be identified - soon recognised as being honest and trustworthy - successfully reduced crime and disorder |
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Crime since 1900 |
- driving offences - vandalism/burglary - rose due to less respect for authority and victims of crimes being more likely to report it. And more actions become classed as crimes |
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Crime since 1900 |
- driving offences - vandalism/burglary - rose due to less respect for authority and victims of crimes being more likely to report it. And more actions become classed as crimes |
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What are new crimes since 1900 |
Sex descrimination Computer hacking Race crime Traffic crime |
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How is terrorism an issue since 1900 |
- modern weapons, transport + communications means that more ordinary people are at risk -On 7 July 2005 4 suicide bombers attacked central London. 3 bombs went off on underground trains and 1 on a bus. 52 people killed, 770 injured. |
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How is terrorism an issue since 1900 |
- modern weapons, transport + communications means that more ordinary people are at risk -On 7 July 2005 4 suicide bombers attacked central London. 3 bombs went off on underground trains and 1 on a bus. 52 people killed, 770 injured. |
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Policing since 1900 |
- modern transport means they can move quicker but less on streets. - includes women + different ethnic groups - in 2002 police community support officers were introduced |
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Why is there more juvenile crime since 1900 |
- parental failure - attraction + availability of cars - breakdown of communities - media images make certain lifestyles look desirable - failures of educational system |
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Why is there more juvenile crime since 1900 |
- parental failure - attraction + availability of cars - breakdown of communities - media images make certain lifestyles look desirable - failures of educational system |
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What age are you responsible for your actions? |
1908 = 7 1933 = 8 1963 = 10 1969 = 14 |
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Why is there more juvenile crime since 1900 |
- parental failure - attraction + availability of cars - breakdown of communities - media images make certain lifestyles look desirable - failures of educational system |
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What age are you responsible for your actions? |
1908 = 7 1933 = 8 1963 = 10 1969 = 14 |
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How are young offenders treated differently? |
- barstals replaced prisons from 1901 - separate juvenile courts set up - detention centres began in 1948 - youth offending teams were created to oversee the punishment of juveniles in 1998 |
