Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 rapid processes that change the earth? |
Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides |
|
What are the 4 slow processes that change the earth? |
Mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, erosion, deposition. |
|
Earth has ______ layers. Name and describe each one. |
4 crust-outside layer, thinnest layer mantle-below the crust, thickest layer, rock outer core-liquid; inner core-solid |
|
The top part of the mantle and Earth's crust. |
lithosphere |
|
|
Outer layer-crust, next layer-mantle, 3rd layer-outer core, inside layer-inner core |
|
Changes to the Earth's surface may be _______ or _______. |
slow, rapid |
|
builds new features on Earth's surface; example-such as _____ _______ |
constructive processes; new mountains |
|
wear away or tear down of the Earth's surface. Example: _________ |
destructive processes; earthquakes |
|
a section of the lithosphere |
plate |
|
edges of plates, where plates meet |
plate boundaries |
|
The ______ covers Earth like a thin, cracked shell. It is made of _______. |
lithosphere, plates |
|
Earth's plates _____ move. They may _____, ____ ____, or ____ _____ each other in ____ _____. |
slowly, collide, move apart, move past, opposite directions |
|
Earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by ____ ______. |
colliding plates |
|
deep cracks in Earth's crust where the surrounding rock has moved or shifted. Most earthquakes occur at ______ along ___ ______. |
fault, faults, plate boundaries |
|
place where the plates start to slip |
focus |
|
place on Earth's surface above a focus |
epicenter |
|
Earthquakes may cause ______. |
landslides |
|
downhill movement of large masses of rock and soil |
landslides |
|
Most volcanoes form near colliding _____ ____. As plates move, rock partly _____ and forms ____ , and is sometimes forced to the surface through a _____ spot in the crust. |
plate boundaries, melts, magma, weak |
|
Volcanoes can be a constructive force when they form ____ ______. |
volcanic islands |
|
a slow process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces called sediments |
weathering |
|
breaking rock into smaller pieces by forces such as gravity, ice, and plant roots. Ex: ___ _____ |
mechanical weathering, ice wedging |
|
water freezes in the cracks of rocks, splitting the rock |
ice wedging |
|
changing materials in a rock by chemical processes. example: drops of rain absorb ______ from the air forming _____ _____ which can slowly dissolves some types of rocks. |
chemical weathering, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid |
|
Weathering helps make _______, which is a mixture of ______ from weathered rocks, ___ ___, ____ ___ ____ and _____ |
soil, sediments, decayed material, gases from air, water |
|
Name the 3 layers of soil and describe.
|
1. top soil-largest amount of decayed material, which helps plants grow 2. subsoil-many minerals, less decayed material 3. bedrock-almost solid rock |
|
movement of materials away from a place |
erosion |
|
Give an example of a destructive process. |
landslides |
|
winds blow away topsoil from a plowed field, farmers try to prevent this by planting rows of trees (natural barriers) along the edges of fields to block some of the wind. |
field erosion |
|
____ and _____ can form because some areas along the shoreline erode more quickly than others. |
harbors , inlets |
|
placing materials in a new place |
deposition |
|
Give an example of a constructive process. |
Sand dunes. |
|
Rocks are classified by the manner in which they are _______. |
formed |
|
forms when magma (melted rock) cools and hardens . _____ form as the rock cools. |
igneous rocks, crystals |
|
forms when layers of rock particles and other materials settle and are pressed together and harden over time. |
sedimentary rock |
|
forms where rocks are heated and squeezed at very high temperatures |
metamorphic rock |
|
Rock changes from one type of rock to another in the ____ ______. |
rock cycle |
|
Heat and pressure change ____ rock into _____ rock. Cooling can change ____ rocks into ____ rocks. Weathering can change ___ or _____ rocks into ____ rocks. |
igneous, metamorphic metamorphic, igneous metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary |