Cph Unit 2

Front 1

Who was the community psychologist that first describe the theory of the sense of community?

Back 1

Sarason (1974)

Front 2

Who defined a sense of community as a feeling that members have belonging; members feel that they matter to one another and the group.

Back 2

McMillan and Chavis (1986)

Front 3

is used in some circumstances as a synonym for growth. Can be good or bad when used without regard to consistency or consequences. Is a term related to enhancement, a certain kind of change in a positive direction.

Back 3

Development

Front 4

A theory viewed as an open system

Back 4

General Systems Theory

Front 5

Client is considered as a set of interacting elements that exchange energy, matter, or information with the external environment to exist (________) • The individual is a set of several dimensions- physical, psychological, social, and spiritual- that are interdependent and interrelated. • A geographic community is composed of a set of families.

Back 5

Katz and Kahn, 1966; von Bertalannfy, 1968

Front 6

Is based on the belief that learning takes place in a social context, that is, people learn from one another and that learning is promoted by modelling or observing other people.

Back 6

Social Learning Theory

Front 7

The environment affects learning, but learning outcomes depend on the learner’s individual characteristics ( _______ ).

Back 7

Bandura, 1977

Front 8

FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY (bandura)

1. _______ – skills, practice, self-efficacy 2. _________ (personal factor) – knowledge, expectations and attitudes 3. ______ - social norms, access in the community, influence on others and environment (ability to change own environment) ***this three is the determinants of human behaviour (determines human behaviour)

Back 8

BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS

COGNITIVE FACTORS

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Front 9

• Provides the basis for much of the practice of health education and health promotion today • Key concepts and definitions of the HBM (Janz et al., 2002)

Back 9

Health Belief Model

Front 10

Client’s perception • _______ - one’s belief regarding the chance of getting a given condition • _______ - one’s belief regarding the seriousness of a given condition • ______ - one’s belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce the health risk or seriousness of a given condition • ______ - one’s belief regarding the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action

• ______ - strategies or conditions in one’s environment that activate readiness to take action • ______ - one’s confidence in one’s ability to take action to reduce health risks

Back 10

Perceived susceptibility

Perceived severity

Perceived benefits

Perceived barriers

Cues to action

Self-efficacy

Front 11

 The HBM is based on the assumption that major determinant of preventive health is _______  A major limitation of HBM is that it places the burden of action exclusively on the client

Back 11

Disease avoidance

Front 12

• Nancy Milio (1976) • National-level policy making was the best way to favorably impact the health of most people rather than concentrating efforts on imparting information in an effort to change individual patterns of behavior. • Proposed that health deficits often result from an imbalance between a population’s health needs and its health-sustaining resources.

Back 12

Milio’s Framework for Prevention

Front 13

• Explores many psychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities. • Pender’s model does not include threat as a motivator, as threat may not be a motivating factor for clients in all age groups.

Back 13

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Front 14

• Combines several theories of intervention • TTM is based on the assumption that behavior change takes place over time, progressing through a sequence of stages. • It also assumes that each of the stages is both stable and open to change.

Back 14

The Transtheoretical Model

Front 15

The individual has no intention to take action toward behaviour change in the next 6 months. May be in this phase due to a lack of information about consequences of the behaviour or due to failure on previous attempts at change.

Back 15

Precontemplation

Front 16

The individual has some intention to take action toward behaviour change in the next 6 months. Weighing pros and cons to change.

Back 16

Contemplation

Front 17

The individual tends to take action within the next month, and has taken steps toward behaviour change. Has a plan of action.

Back 17

Preparation

Front 18

The individual has changed overt behaviour for less than 6 months. Has changed behaviour sufficiently to reduce risk of disease.

Back 18

Action

Front 19

The individual has changed overt behaviour for more than 6 months. Strives to present relapse. This phase is may last months to years

Back 19

Maintenance

Front 20

Decisional balance

- The benefits of behaviour change

- The cost of behaviour change

Back 20

Pros

Con

Front 21

• Developed by Dr. Lawrence W. Green and colleagues

Back 21

Precede-Proceed Model

Front 22

Provides a model for community assessment, health education planning, and evaluation.

Back 22

Precede-Proceed Model

Front 23

TRUE OR FALSE

PRECEDE - stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation - used for community diagnosis

Back 23

True

Front 24

• PROCEED - stands for Police, Regular, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development - a model for implementing and evaluating health programs based on PRECEDE.

Back 24

Policy, Regulatory

Front 25

Two person involved in the PRECEDE – PROCEDE MODEL

Back 25

LAWRENCE W. GREEN MARSHALL W. KREUTER

Front 26

PREMISE: the factors causing health behaviour are seen to be of three distinct kinds:

Back 26

 Predisposing  Enabling  Reinforcing