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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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warm agglutinin dis anemia
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antibodyes are activeted in warm parts of body.
very severe anemia casused by: DRUGS: methyldopa (DOC for HTN in pregnant women), dopa, high dose penicillin or cephalosporin) MALIGNANCIES: lymphoma, leukemia SLE |
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cold agglutinin Dis anemai
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in hands, feet, scrotum, ears,
antibody is activated at low temp moderate anemia that is transient casues: MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA MONOCULCEOSIS LYMPHOMA 50% ARE IDIOPATHIC |
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direct coombs test
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if RBC precipitate, this means that the RBC's were coated with anti-RBC antibodies
used to detect immune-mediated hemolysis: identify whether pt has anti-RBC antibodies directly bound to RBC |
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Indirect coombs test
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used to identity free floating antibodies directed against RBCs.
TEST OF CHOICE: to detect isoimmunization in Rh (-) females positive test means: AntiRH antibodies in the blood test before giving blood/organ transplant |
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mocrocytic anemai
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from hemoglobin pathologies
Iron deficiency anemia Lead poisoning thalassemai |
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normocytic anemia
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normal size RBC
causes: bone marrow dammage inadequate BM stimulateion due to decrease epoprotein Leukemia chronic renal failure |
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Macrocytic anemia
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from metabolic problems
casues: vitamin B12/folate deficiency (Megaloblastic anemia) hypothyroidism liver dis (decrease metabolism) Ringed sideroblasts |
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megaloblastic anemai (large immature anemai)
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due dto defective DNA synthesis
other findings: Leukopenia HYPERSEGEMENTD PMNs thrombocytopenia due to: vit 12, folate def, antineoplastic use, microbes or durgs that limit folate or B12 synthesis causes of B12/folate deficiency: DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM (b12 def) POOR DIET (b12, folate def.) TYPE A GASTRITIS (B12 def) |
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Plummer-Vinson
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due to low grade, long-term iron deficiency--> microcytic anemia
resutl in esophageal webs( grows tranversely across esophagus-->partialy obstructy the esophagus) -->casue solid dysphagia only can be due to Tea-toast diet Tx: iron supplement--> webs self absorb |
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solid dysphagia only
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anatomic obstruction (tumor, webs, etc)
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solid and liquid dysphagia
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neuromuscular dysfunction--> decrease peristalsis
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Fanconi anemai
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inability to remove O2 radicals (caused by sulf drugs, quinine, viral infx) from bone marrow
autosomal recessive clinical findings: microcephaly, cafe-au-lait spots, small or absent thumbs, deformed or absent radius bones, recurrent aplastic anemai (from BM damage), HIGH risk of leukemia or lymphoma |
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Heinz bodies
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denatured Hgb visible within RBCs
ASSOCIATED WIHT G6PD DEFICIENCY |
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howell-jolly bodies
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visible nuclear fragment within rbcs,
appea as BASOPHILIC (BLUE) GRANULES indicative of RBCs leaving bone marrow while still immature |
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basophilic stippling
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many tiny blue polka dots within RBC's
LEAD POISON |
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SIDEROBLASTS
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extra iron appears in RBCs, represents iron not bound to Hgb.
"PAPPENHEIMER BODIES" result of IRON OVERLOAD secondary to deranged BONE MARROW FUNX 9not due to dietary Fe excess |
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Reticulocyte
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immature RBCs that are realeased early from BM in response to hemorrhage.
blue lace like patterns are visible within teh RBCs-->represents remnants of ribosomal RNA |
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Neutopenia
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casues:
DECREASED PRODUCTION: BM disease (Leukemia) Chemotherapy (decrease DNA synthesis) HIV-1 infx other drugs that affect the bone marrow Vitamin B12 or folate def INCREASED DESTRUCTION: Felty's sndrome (rheumatoid arthritis+ immune mediated destruction of PMNs via anti-neutrophil antibodies+ splenomegaly) |
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Neutorcytosis (neutrophilia)
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Acute inflammation ( becasue PMN are 1st to site of infx due to increase C5a)
Acute infx: highest number of PMN bacterial infx certain cancers (that cause inflamation such as lymphoma) pheochromocytoma leukemia for neutrophils |
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eosinocytosis (eosinophilia)
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Type 1 hypersensitivity (allergies, Asthama): eosinophils actually come to dampen the Type 1 rxn
Helminthic infx |
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Lymphocytosis
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Granulomatous dis (type 4 hypersenstitivity, TB, wegners granulomatosis, sarcoidosis etc): occurs when macrophages and t cells are not able to kill the pathogens so form a granuloma to occlude the pathogen
viral infxn: CD8 tcells are the main cells to fight viral infx pertusis: makes toxins--> kills cell lining the respiratory tract. toxins also miniminze the lymphocytes ability to return to lymph nodes--> increase lymphocytes in blood. ONLY BACTERIAL INFX TO HAVE LYMPHOCYTOSIS |
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Monocytosis
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granulomatous dis-TB
infectious mononucleosis ( EBV) |
