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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True of False
Tertiary prevention includes measures taken to keep illness or injuries from occurring |
False
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True or False
Health problems are most effectively prevented by maintenance of healthy lifestyles and healthy environments. |
True
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True or False
The ethical theory of utilitarianism promotes the ability of the patient to make his or her own decisions |
False
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True or False
Community health nursing is grounded in both public health science and nursing science. |
True
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True or False
Health involves only the subjective dimension. |
False
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A __________ is a collection of people
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Community
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All people occupying an area is called a __________.
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Population
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Cholesterol screening is an example of __________ prevention.
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Secondary
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__________ is a holistic state of well-being.
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Health
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The subjective dimension (feeling well or ill) and the __________ dimension (functioning) together provide a clearer picture of people’s health.
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Objective
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True or False
The early roots of home care nursing began with religious and charitable groups |
True
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True or False
The focus of early home care was on the total community. |
False
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True or False
Lillian Wald first used the term public health nursing to describe this specialty. |
True
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True or False
Frances Root was the first community health nurse in the United States |
True
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True or False
The prototype of community-based nursing can be seen within the historical development of hospital nursing. |
False
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The specialty of community health nursing developed historically through __________ stages.
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4
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Academic preparation for community health nursing begins at the __________ level.
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Baccalaureate
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Relating disease or illness to its cause is known as __________ thinking in the health sciences.
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Causal
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The term community health nursing is used synonymously with __________ health nursing
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Public
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The history of public health nursing, since its inception in __________, encompasses continuing change and adaptation.
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Europe
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True or False
The first function in the management process is that of controller. |
False
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True or False
Community health nurses seldom work in isolation |
True
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True or False
Policy development is enhanced by the synthesis and analysis of information obtained during assessment. |
True
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True or False
A questioning attitude is a basic prerequisite for good nursing practice |
True
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True or False
The researcher role involves tenacity |
True
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__________ is “the systematic collection, assembly, analysis, and dissemination of information about the health of a community.”
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Assessment
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__________ development is enhanced by the synthesis and analysis of information obtained during assessment.
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Policy
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__________ activities make certain that serves are provided.
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Assurance
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The clinician role in community health is characterized by its focus on promoting __________.
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Wellness
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The community health nurse often acts as a(n) __________ for clients, pleading their cause or acting on their behalf.
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Advocate
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True or False
The design of the research guides the conduct of the study |
True
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True or False
Validity refers to how consistently an instrument measures a given research variable within a particular population. |
False
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True or False
The specific tool used to measure the variables in the study is the instrument. |
True
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True or False
A primary purpose for conducting community health research is to gain new knowledge that will improve health services and promote the public’s health. |
True
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True or False
A value motivates people to behave in certain ways that are personally or socially preferable. |
True
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__________ is the systematic collection and analysis of data related to a particular problem of phenomenon.
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Research
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__________ research concerns data that can be measured objectively.
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Quantitative
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Qualitative research emphasizes __________ and the meaning of experiences to individuals.
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Subjectivity
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__________ is the systematic selection of research subjects, so that each one has an equal probability of selection.
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Randomization
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Nonexperimental designs are also called __________ designs.
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Descriptive
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True or False
Patterns of cultural behavior are inherited, not acquired. |
False
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True or False
African Americans have much higher mortality rates than White Americans. |
True
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True or False
Culture is the product of individual habit, not aggregate behavior. |
False
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True or False
Ethnocentrism blocks effective communication by creating biases and misconception about human behavior. |
True
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True or False
Although culture is learned, the process and results of that learning are different for each person. |
True
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A(n) __________ group is a collection of people who have common origins and a shared culture and identity.
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Ethnic
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Each person learns about culture through socialization with the family or significant group during the process of __________.
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Enculturation
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__________ medicine is a body of preserved treatment practices that has been handed down verbally from generation to generation.
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Folk
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Western societies in general have a(n) __________ view of health and illness.
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Biomedical
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__________ Americans as a group prefer traditional healing practices and folk medicine to Western medicine.
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Natvie
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True or False
Public health services include the functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. |
True
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True or False
The beginnings of an organized health care system in the United States came in the form of official health agencies. |
True
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True or False
Health services occur at three levels. |
False
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True or False
The Secretary of Health and Human Services has ultimate responsibility for the PHS. |
True
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True or False
Private health services are complementary and supplementary to government health agencies. |
True
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__________ is a period of enforced isolation of persons exposed to a communicable disease during the incubation period of the disease, to prevent its spread should infection occur.
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Quarantine
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__________ is the process of translating established policies into services.
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Assurance
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Microeconomic theory is concerned with supply and __________.
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Demand
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__________ payments are monetary reimbursements made by providers of health care by someone other than the consumer who received the care.
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Third Party
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Title XIX is also known as __________.
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Medicaid
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True or False
The simplest measure of description is a count. |
True
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True or False
Herd immunity refers to a situation in which a person’s immunity to one agent provides immunity to a related agent as well. |
False
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True or False
The goal of descriptive studies is to identify the patterns of occurrence of any health-related condition. |
True
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True or False
Passive immunity is a long-term and sometimes lifelong resistance that is acquired either naturally or artificially. |
False
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True or False
Stating conclusions is an outcome of analysis and interpretation. |
True
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__________ refers to a disease occurrence that clearly exceeds the normal or expected frequency in a community or region.
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Epidemic
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A(n) __________ is a factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition.
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Agent
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The __________ refers to all the external factors surrounding the host that might influence vulnerability or resistance.
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Environment
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__________ refers to the relationship between a cause and its effect.
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Causality
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__________ immunity is a long-term and sometimes lifelong resistance that is acquired either naturally or artificially.
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Active
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True or False
Validity refers to the test’s ability to accurately identify those with the disease. |
False
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True or False
The predictive value of screening tests increases as the prevalence of the disease increases. |
True
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True or False
Isolation refers to restrictions placed on healthy contacts of an infectious case for the duration of the incubation period to prevent disease transmission if infection should develop. |
False
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True or False
Syphilis is the first STD for which control measures were developed and tested. |
True
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True or False
The injectable influenza is inactivated. |
True
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__________ transmission occurs by immediate transfer of infectious agents from a reservoir to a new susceptible host.
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Direct
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The time interval between exposure and onset of symptoms is called the __________ period.
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Incubation
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A(n) __________ is a nonhuman carrier such as an animal or insect.
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Vector
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__________ transmission occurs through droplet nuclei.
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Airborne
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Immunization is the process of introducing some form of __________ organism into a person’s system to promote the development of antibodies that will resist that disease.
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Disease causing
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True or False
A contaminant is a poisonous substance in the environment that produces harmful effects on the health of humans, animals, or plants. |
False
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True or False
Global warming causes a “greenhouse effect.” |
True
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True or False
A certain amount of natural radiation exposure from the sun is important for the production of vitamin D. |
True
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True or False
Natural radiation from the sun, soil, and minerals can be found in virtually all areas of the Earth’s environment. |
True
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True or False
Lead paint is now restricted in residential use. |
True
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A(n) __________ is a community of living organisms and their interrelated physical and chemical environment.
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Ecosystem
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__________ is the appreciation of beauty that is culturally pleasing to the person observing the person, place, or thing.
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Aesthetics
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The direct health effects of ozone depletion include increased risk for __________ cancer and cataracts.
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Skin
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__________ is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that is formed by the breakdown of uranium in rock, groundwater, and soil.
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Radon
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One of the oldest environmental health hazards comes from improper disposal of human __________.
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Excreta
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Level of Disease Prevention
Keep illness or injury from occurring (vaccinations, elderly safety devices, teaching healthy lifestyles, educational programs- safe sex programs, dangers of smoking and drug abuse) |
Primary Prevention
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Level of Disease Prevention
Efforts to detect and treat existing disease (screening programs, breast and testicular exams, Pap smears, TB skin test, mammograms) |
Secondary Prevention
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Level of Disease Prevention
Reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to its lowest possible level to minimize disability and restore or preserve function (rehab- AA, halfway house, ostomy clubs, treatments, post mastectomy exercise program, early treatment and management of diabetes) |
Tertiary Prevention
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What are the 4 stages of community health nursing development?
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Early home care, district nursing, public health nursing, community health nursing
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A holistic state of well-being including soundness of mind, bod, and spirit
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Health
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Who coined the term "public health nursing?"
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Lillian Wald
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What is a local preschool an example of (in terms of setting)?
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Ambulatory Service
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What is a halfway house an example of (in terms of setting)?
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Residential Institution
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What is a continuing care center an example of (in terms of setting)?
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Residential Institution
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What is a family planning clinic an example of (in terms of setting)?
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Ambulatory Service
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Research:
Data can be quantified or measured objectively. Helpful in identifying problem or relationship between two or more variables. |
Quantitative
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Research:
Statistical research to analyze research, evaluating similar quantitative studies in attempt to integrate findings and combine sample size of small studies to make “a single effect measure” |
Meta-analysis
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Research:
Emphasis on subjectivity and the meaning of experiences to individuals |
Qualitative
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Pathogen Transmission:
Susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease-causing agent |
Host
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Pathogen Transmission:
A factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition |
Agent
|
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Pathogen Transmission:
All the external factors surrounding the host that might influence vulnerability or resistance |
Environment
|
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Immunity Type:
Short-term; acquired naturally or artificially |
Passive Immunity
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Immunity Type:
Long-term, sometimes lifelong; acquired naturally or artificially |
Active Immunity
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Immunity Type:
Immunity to one agent providing immunity to another related agent |
Cross Immunity
|
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Immunity Type:
Immunity level present in a population group |
Herd Immunity
|
|
Epidemiology:
disease occurrence that exceeds the normal occurrence in a community or region. (Bubonic Plague) |
Epidemic
|
|
Epidemiology:
when an epidemic such as the bubonic plague becomes worldwide in distribution. (Aids and bubonic Plague) |
Pandemic
|
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Epidemiology:
the continuous presence of an infection or disease in one geographic area (Plague in Vietnam and Malaria) |
Endemic
|
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Reimbursement:
Fee established in advance, Reimburse after service rendered, Abused through the requesting and ordering of unnecessary tests, Encouraged sickness rather than wellness |
Retrospective
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Reimbursement:
External authority sets rates, Rates derived from predictions set in advance, Fixed rates rather than cost coverage, Imposes constraints on spending, Providers at risk for losses or surpluses |
Prospective
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A collection of people that have an interest or goal that binds members together.
|
Community of Common Interest
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All efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well-being or higher levels of wellness
|
Health promotion
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The first female superintendent of a school of nursing accomplished what during her tenure at Johns Hopkins:
A) Curriculum expanded to 2-3 years B) Handwashing was set as a standard of care C) Students were expected to work longer shifts D) Charting as a standard of care |
A
|
|
In what year did the United States enter into World War II?
a. 1969 b. 2002 c. 1941 d. 1985 |
C
|
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During which war did Florence Nightingale cared for the injured in 1854?
A. WWI B: The Civil of War C. The Crimean War D. WWII |
C
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Who was the first public health nurse hired by the Women's Branch of the NY Mission?
A) Florence Nightingale B) Francis Root C) Ellen Ranyard D) Mary Brewster |
B
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A community often is defined by its geographic boundaries. An example of a geographic boundary is:
a. City, town, or neighborhood b. North, south, east, west c. Urban, suburban, rural d. Mountains, oceans, deserts |
A
|
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True/False:
The basis of community health nursing can be found within the historical development of district nursing. |
False
|
|
In what year were Medicare and Medicaid established?
A. 1941 B. 1956 C. 1965 D. 1972 |
C
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True/False:
Advanced technology has improved in many ways including health care, nutrition, and lifestyle and has caused a concomitant increase in life expectanc |
True
|
|
True/False:
"Healthy People" was first established in 2010 by the Department of Human Services. |
False
|
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True/False:
In 1877, Florence Nightingale was First Public Health Nurse. |
False
|
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Who was the only woman elected to be the president of the American Red Cross after Clara Barton?
A. Elizabeth Dole B. Lucile Petry Leone C. Mary Adelaide Nutting D. Mary Eliza Mahoney |
A
|
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True/False:
Francis Root was the first African-American to graduate from an American nursing school. |
False
|
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Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A. collaborate with the news media to publicize current public health issues B. Foster nurse involvement on community boards and other political groups C. Promote increasing influence of the nurse through an expanded role in service delivery D. All of the above |
A
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True/False:
Florence Nightingale cared for the injured during World War I. |
False
|
|
Who established and became the first president of the American Red Cross?
A.) Florence Nightingale B.) Jessie Sleet Scales C.) Margaret Sanger D.) Clara Barton |
D
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Who in the following is responsible for starting the first public school nurse program in the country?
A) Lillian Wald B) Florence Nightingale C) Lina Rogers Struthers D) Jessie Sleet Scales |
C
|
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True/False:
The 19th amendment allowed women in the U.S. the right to attend nursing schools. |
False
|
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True/False:
In 1845, Dorothea Dix addressed legislature regarding abuse & neglect of the mentally ill. |
True
|
|
True/False:
One year after Lina Rogers Struthers became the first school nurse, students sent home from New York City schools decreased from 10,000 to 1,000. |
True
|
|
In 2009, what outbreak was declared a national emergency with over 22 million Americans contracting the disease and 4,000 deaths?
A. Small Pox B. H1N1 flu C. AIDs D. Rheumatic fever |
B
|
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Which nursing pioneer implemented her public health programs during the Crimean war?
A). Harriet Tubman B). Sojourner Truth C). Florence Nightingale D). Dorothea Dix |
C
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Many People have influenced the progression of Community health nursing throughout history. Which of these developments are attributed to the following innovators, Dorothea Dix, John Snow, and Louis Pasteur, respectively?
a. mental illness awareness, spread of disease in hospitals, germ theory b. mental illness awareness, cholera transmission, germ theory c. germ theory, spread of disease in hospitals, penicillin development d. hand hygiene, mental illness awareness, germ theory |
B
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True/False:
In 1860 the first nonreligious school for nurses was established at St. Thomas Hospital in London. It promoted a standard for proper education and supervision of nurses in practice , known as the English Model. |
False
|
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Which of the following does NOT contribute to the development of community health nursing?
A. Role of the military B. Changes in education C. Causal thinking D. Demographics |
A
|
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What was the first Nightingale model nursing school in the U.S.?
a. Teacher's College b. Columbia University c. Bellevue Hospital d. Training School for Nurses |
C
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Who worked successfully in Turkey Scutari Military hospital and laid the foundations for nursing practice in community health?
A) Florence Guinness Blake B) Clarissa Barton C) Walt Whitman D) Florence Nightingale E) Dorothea Dix |
D
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