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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, or public speaking |
Human communication |
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Essential elements of communication |
Source (sender) and receiver Message Channel Noise Context Feedback Goals |
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Participants in communication |
Sender and receiver |
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Taking the message and translating it in a way for the receiver to understand |
Encoding
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Taking the encoded message and pulling meaning from it |
Decoding |
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Any stimulus that hinders the process of sharing meaning |
Noise |
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The situation in which communication takes place |
Context |
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Reactions and responses to a message that indicates whether and how the message was received |
Feedback |
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Communication within oneself |
Intrapersonal communication |
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Informal interaction between two people who have an identifiable relationship |
Interpersonal communication |
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3-15 people come together to communicate |
Small group communication |
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The act of causing people to do or believe something |
Persuasion |
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Delivered to an audience of more than 15 people |
Public speaking |
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Interactions among teachers and students in the classroom |
Instructional communication |
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Informs about health |
Health organization |
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Interactions within organizations |
Organizational communication |
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Interactions among mass mediums |
Computer mediated communication |
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Communication not involving words, but rather the accompanying actions |
Nonverbal communication |
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Signals that typically accompany our verbal message -- our eyes, face, gestures, use of voice |
Nonverbal communication |
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Characteristics of nonverbal communication |
Inevitable Primary conveyor of our emotions Multi-channeled Ambiguous |
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Physical appearance of nonverbal communication |
Body shape Clothing, and artificts |
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Round and heavy body shape Stereotyped as hind(?) |
Endomorph |
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Muscular and strong body type Stereotyped as energetic, outgoing, confident |
Mesomorph |
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Lean body type Stereotyped as brainy, anxious, cautious |
Ectomorph |
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The voiced but not the verbal part of the message Not what is said, but how it is said |
Vocalics |
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Elements of vocalics |
Pitch Volume Rate Quality Intonation Vocalized pauses |
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Interpretation of what and how body motions communicate |
Kinesics |
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Gestures that align with verbal message |
Illustrators |
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Gestures that substitute completely for words |
Emblems |
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Gestures that occur unconsciously |
Adaptors |
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Element of kinesics that display different emotions |
Facial expressions |
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Element of kinesics that is based on body language |
Posture |
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How space and distance communicate Differ on culture, situation, closeness |
Proxemics |
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Proxemic zone ranging from 0 - 1.5 feet |
Intimate space |
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Proxemic zone ranging from 1.5 - 4 feet |
Personal space |
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Proxemic zone ranging from 4 - 12 feet |
Social space |
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Proxemic zone ranging from 12 - 25 feet |
Public space |
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How touch communicates |
Haptics |
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Examples of haptics include |
Firm handshake Warm bear hug Timid tap on the shoulder Patronizing pat on the head |
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A relatively enduring behavior that people tend to use across their lifespan |
Trait |
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A person's use of verbal and nonverbal behavior to indicate how literal others should take a message |
Communicator style |
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Characteristics of a communicator style: |
Pervasive Observable Modifiable Habitual |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I think you are important' |
Friendly |
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Communicator style attribute: 'You will remember me' |
Impression-leaving |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I have things under control' |
Relaxed |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I will challenge you' |
Contentious |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I am listening' |
Attentive |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I am clear and accurate' |
Precise |
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Communicator style attribute: 'Actions speak louder than words' |
Animated |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I can tell a good story' |
Dramatic |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I can express who I am' |
Open |
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Communicator style attribute: 'I am in charge' |
Dominant |
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An individual's level of fear and anxiety either real or anticipated with communicating with another person |
Communication apprehension |
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Two types of communication of apprehension |
Physical or cognitive |
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Contexts in which communication appears: |
Interpersonal Group Public speaking Meetings |
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What discomforts accompany communication apprehension? |
Sweating Increased breathing and heart rates Stuttering |
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A predisposition to recognize controversial issues, advocate positions, and refute opposing positions |
Argumentativeness |
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Tendency for a person to attack the self-concept of another person for the purpose of inflicting psychological harm |
Verbal aggression >=( |
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Behaviors verbal aggression is associated with: |
Name-calling Use of threats and ultimatums Negativity Resentment Suspicion |
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Outcomes of verbal agression |
Less likable and agreeable in organizations |
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The study of how individuals and entities relay information |
Mass communication |
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Mass media can influence a large number of people directly and uniformly by injecting them with appropriate messages to trigger a desired response |
Magic Bullet Theory |
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The media's ability to tell us what issues are important |
Agenda setting |
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Asserts that television is primarily responsible for our perceptions of day-to-day norms |
Cultivation theory |
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How social media transforms the way we live and do business |
Socialnomics |
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________ couples meet through online dating |
1 in 5 |
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_________ gay couples meet through online dating |
3 in 5 |
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______ does not allow social media |
China |
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_____% of consumers trust peer recommendations, only _____% trust ads |
90% 14% |
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Any form of communication between two or more individual people who interact/influence each other via separate computers through the Internet/network connection |
Computer mediated communication (CMC) |
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Real-time communication Communication is immediate |
Synchronous |
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Takes place in a different time and different place Provides distance from the receiver |
Asynchronous
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Advantages to CMC include: |
More likely to discuss personal issues Break geographical barriers Few status and position cues |
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Disadvantages to CMC include: |
Access to technology Education More time-consuming Absence of regulating feedback Lack of true human contact |