Communication Final

Front 1

How to build cohesiveness in group

Back 1

encourage compatible membership

develop shared goals

accomplish tasks

develop a history of cooperation

promote acceptance of group members

Front 2

small groups include _ roles

Back 2

individual

Front 3

role patterns of _ that defines a persons _ within a group

Back 3

behavior / function

Front 4

formal roles

Back 4

assigned by organization or group to establish order (president/ secretary)

Front 5

informal roles

Back 5

functional roles , not assigned but needed for group function

Front 6

task roles

Back 6

help group accomplish its goals

Front 7

social roles

Back 7

maintenance roles, help the relationships aong the members run smoothly

Front 8

dysfunctional roles

Back 8

prevent the group from working effectively (disruptive or self-centered)

Front 9

we join small groups because we need to

Back 9

belong

Front 10

we join small groups for

Back 10

protection

Front 11

we join small groups to improve

Back 11

effectiveness

Front 12

we join small groups bc we feel

Back 12

pressure to join

Front 13

forming

Back 13

people join groups for reasons

need to belong

attraction to members

attraction to activities

attraction to group goals

meaning and identity

unrelated needs fulfilled

Front 14

storming

Back 14

tension

Front 15

primary tension

Back 15

jitters and uneasiness you feel when you first gather with your group, goes away after you know your group

Front 16

secondary tension

Back 16

stress and strain that occurs later as group develops , conflicts

Front 17

norming

Back 17

norms are rules that establish standards for appropiate behavior

Front 18

explicit norms

Back 18

rules that are specifically stated acceptable and unacceptable behavior

ex. contracts, bylaws, syllabus

Front 19

implicit norms

Back 19

unspoken rules thatare communicated by the way members behave and the attitudes that they express

ex. observe or are told

Front 20

performing

Back 20

doing the task they had set out to do

Front 21

adjourning

Back 21

ends group time

Front 22

small groups provide

Back 22

resources

Front 23

small groups provide

Back 23

synergy ( one+one= a ton) more together than alone. collaboration that produces more than the sum of the parts

Front 24

small groups expose us to

Back 24

diversity

Front 25

small groups require

Back 25

sacrifice

Front 26

social loafing

Back 26

tendency of some members to contribute less to the group than the average member

Front 27

small groups experience

Back 27

conflict

Front 28

small groups can be

Back 28

difficult to coordinate

Front 29

majority rule

Back 29

quick/ easy

good when the decision is unimportant or all members dont need to be a part of it

Front 30

decision by minority

Back 30

expert in the group, one who yells the loudest / ex. everybody wanted to go there but the baby wanted to go here so we came here

Front 31

consensus

Back 31

mutual agreement, involves commitment and agreement and satisfaction ( unanimous decisions arent always consensus)

everyones satisfied with decision

harder when the group gets bigger

Front 32

random choice

Back 32

all of options have chance of being chosen

(flipping a coin)

not desired , used when group is desperate

Front 33

multiple ranking

Back 33

list and rank

rank choices and only discuss top few

not good for final decisions

Front 34

choosing best decision making method

Back 34

consider type of decision

consider importance of decision

consider time available to make decision

Front 35

group think

Back 35

occurs when preservation of harmony unanimous agreement is more important than critically examining ideas ( NOT GOOD)

Front 36

power

Back 36

ability to influence others

Front 37

legitimate power

Back 37

position power- arises from your title

ex. professor, parent

Front 38

coercive power

Back 38

comes from threat or actual imposition of unpleasant consequences

ex. you'll get fired if you dont do this

Front 39

reward power

Back 39

when others are influenced by the granting or promise of desirable consequences

ex. youll get a cookie if you do this

Front 40

expert power

Back 40

when others are influenced by people bc of what they believe they know or can do ( doctors orders)

Front 41

information power

Back 41

comes from members knowledge that can help group meet the goal

Front 42

reverent power

Back 42

comes from respect, liking, and trust others have for a member

Front 43

we speak on matters of

Back 43

importance

Front 44

we are asked to speak about our

Back 44

experiences and expertise

Front 45

we are required to speak in

Back 45

class or at work

Front 46

informative speech

Back 46

communicates knowledge about a process, event, person,place,object,concept.

Front 47

persuasive speech

Back 47

attempts to change or reinforce an audiences thoughts/ feelings/actions.

Front 48

introductory speech

Back 48

goal is to give audience perspective on yourself or another person

Front 49

commerative speech

Back 49

pays tribute/ honor or recognizes an event, idea, person, or institution.

Front 50

acceptance speech

Back 50

communicates gratitude, appreciation, and pleasure for an honor or gift.

Front 51

3 goals of informative speech

Back 51

1. describe

2. explain

3. instruct

Front 52

describe

Back 52

use many descipters and adjectives so audience can feel/ see what youre talking about , connect draw audience in

Front 53

explain

Back 53

convey ideas and concepts / help understand

Front 54

instruct

Back 54

teach us how to do something

Front 55

informative speeches are _ based. They are _ controversial and are _ meant to change the attitudes of the audience. avoid opinions

Back 55

fact / not / not

Front 56

5 ways to avoid a dull informative speech

Back 56

select a topic carefully

use your preparation

select appropiate design for your speech (logical arrangement)

fill speech with interesting material

project energy in your presentation

Front 57

speeches about processes

Back 57

describe how something is done, comes to be or works ex. how to bake a cake

Front 58

speeches about events

Back 58

describe or explain significant events or unusual occurrences. ex. hurricane ivan, tsunami

Front 59

speeches about people and places

Back 59

describe significant, interesting, or unusual places or people ex. costa rica, winston churchill

Front 60

speeches about objects

Back 60

about anything that can be percieved by senses

ex. hybrid automobiles, the mona lisa

Front 61

speeches about concepts

Back 61

about concepts such as ideas, principles, worldvie, beliefs. ex. social equality, adult literacy

Front 62

cannon of invention

Back 62

identify your audience

select topic

determine your purpose

thesis statement ( main ideas)

decide on main points (a and b points)

Front 63

preparation outline

Back 63

phrase all points in full sentences

Front 64

working outline

Back 64

construction tool to map out ideas

Front 65

speaking outline

Back 65

has main ideas to help with delivery of message

Front 66

testimony

Back 66

opinions or observations of others

Front 67

peer testimony

Back 67

eye witness account

Front 68

expert testimony

Back 68

expert in field

Front 69

personal testimony

Back 69

your own experience

Front 70

cannon of arrangement

Back 70

guidelines for ordering your ideas

introduction

body

conclusion

Front 71

transitions

Back 71

(connectives) help your speech move smoothly

connects one point to another

Front 72

internal previews

Back 72

statement alerting listeners that you are about to shift to new topic

ex. lets begin by looking at some defintions

Front 73

internal summaries

Back 73

statement that briefly reminds your listeners of pointsyou have already made

ex. now that we have looked at the definitions lets examine how this product is made

Front 74

signpost

Back 74

single words or phrases that distinguish one point in your presentation

ex. the first thing we will look at is

Front 75

cannon of style

Back 75

guidelines for using language effectively and appropriately

Front 76

global plagiarism

Back 76

whole body of work prevented as own

Front 77

patwork plagiarism

Back 77

pieces of sources submitted as own

Front 78

incrimental plagiarism

Back 78

small portion not credited

Front 79

cannon of memory

Back 79

practicing and learning your speech

Front 80

extemporaneous

Back 80

planned in advance but delivered in a direct spontaneous way.

Front 81

impromptv

Back 81

off the cuff or off of ones head

Front 82

manuscript

Back 82

read word for word

Front 83

memorized

Back 83

learned by heart, formal

Front 84

cannon of delivery

Back 84

visualize a successful speech, know your intro, use notes as a prompt but do not read

make eye contact

Front 85

communication apprehension

Back 85

aka stage fright aka speech anxiety

Front 86

trait anxiety

Back 86

apprehension about communicating with others in any situation

Front 87

state or situational anxiety

Back 87

apprehension about communicating with others in a particular situation

Front 88

public speaking anxiety

Back 88

anxiety we feel when we learn we have to give a speech or take a public speaking course.

Front 89

variety

Back 89

changes in volume, rate, pitch of speakers voice that affects the delivery of the words delivered

Front 90

volume

Back 90

loudness of speakers voice

Front 91

rate

Back 91

speed at which you speak

Front 92

pitch

Back 92

highness or lowness of voice

Front 93

inflection

Back 93

manipulation of pitch to create certain meanings or moods

Front 94

monotone

Back 94

way or speaking in which speaker does not alter his pitch

Front 95

pauses

Back 95

hesitations and brief silences in speech or convo

Front 96

vocalized pauses

Back 96

pauses that speaker fills with words or sounds like um

Front 97

articulation

Back 97

physical process of producing specific speech sounds that make language intelligible to our audience

Front 98

pronunciation

Back 98

saying words correctly according to accepted standards of a language

Front 99

proximace

Back 99

use of space during communication