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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Interpersonal communication
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When people treat one another as unique individuals regardless of the context of the interaction or the number of people involved
Opposite is impersonal communication |
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Culture
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Shared learned behavior which is transmitted from one generation to another for purposes of promoting individual and social survival, adaptation, and growth and development. Can have both external (artifacts, roles, institutions) and internal (values, attitudes, beliefs) representations.
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Environment
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Contexts or fields of experience that help people make sense of others' behavior. Refers to the physical environment as well as personal experiences and background
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Noise
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Anything that interferes with the transmission and reception of a message
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External noise
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Those factors outside the receiver that make it difficult to hear, as well as many other kinds of distractions. Ex: cigarette smoke in a room
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Physiological noise
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Biological factors in the receiver that interfere with accurate reception. Ex: Hearing loss and illness
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Psychological noise
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Cognitive factors that make communication less effective. Ex: A woman who hears the word "gal" may become so irritated that she has trouble listening objectively to the rest of the speaker's message.
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Channel
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Medium through which messages are exchanged. Ex: face to face, over the phone, through I*M
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Richness
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Multitude of nonverbal cues that accompany words spoken
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4 Insights of Communication
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1. Messages are simultaneously sent and received.
2. Meanings is determined by situation and context. 3. Environment and noise affect communication. 4. Channels make a difference. |
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Communication is Transactional
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High degree of mutual involvement when we interact.
Depends on the involvement of a partner Unique creation that arises out of the way in which the partners interact |
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Communication can be intentional or unintentional
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Ex: Unintentional: not returning an e-mail or voicemail, impatiently shifting, sighing
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Communication has a content and a relational dimension
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Content: the information being explicitly discussed
Relational: How you feel about the other person (sometimes it doesn't matter, but other times it is more important. Ex: getting in arguments over trivial matters is really a dispute over the nature of the relationship and who is in control) |
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Communication is Irreversible
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Sometimes an explanation or apology can help, but other times, no amount of explanation can erase the impression you have created.
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Communication is Unrepeatable
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Communication is an ongoing process. Both you and the other person have changed, the behavior isn't original and your feelings about each other may have changed.
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Not all communication seeks understanding
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-Social rituals
-Attempts at persuasion -Deliberate ambiguity and perception |
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More communication is not always better
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Too much talking can be a mistake
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Communication will not solve all problems
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Clear communication can be the source of the problem ("i think that shirt makes you look fat")
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Effective communication is not a natural ability
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Most people operate at a level far below their potential
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Quantitative approach to communication
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Any interaction between two people
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Dyad
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two persons interacting
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Communication competence
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Both effective (gets you the results that you want) and appropriate (does so in a way that, in most cases, enhances the relationship in which it occurs
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There is no single "ideal" or "effective" way to communicate
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Flexibility is important when communicating with members of different cultures
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Competence is situational
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Communication competence is not a trait that a person either possesses or lacks. Its more accurate to talk about degrees or areas of competence
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Competence can be learned
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Some genetic component but for the most part, it is a set of skills that can be learned
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A large repertoire of skills
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Good communicators don't use the same approach in every situation
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Adaptability
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You have to be able to choose the right response for the situation (an approach that works well in one situation might be disastrous in a different situation)
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Ability to perform skillfully
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Once you have chosen the appropriate way to communicate, you have to perform that behavior effectively
-Practice is the key to skillful performance |
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Involvement
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Caring about the other person and the topic at hand and desiring to make the relationship clearly useful by producing good results for everybody involved
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Empathy/Perspective Taking
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The ability to imagine how an issue might look from another's perspective
-Listening is an important skill b/c it helps you understand others and provides information to develop strategies about how best to influence them |
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Cognitive complexity
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The ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue
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Self-monitoring
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The process of paying close attention to one's own behavior and using these observations to shape the way that one behaves
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