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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Communication Cue
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message or act to which observers can attribute meaning or significance; examples are gestures, pictures, smells, and other sensory data
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Technological Determinism
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interested in the relationship between technology and society; technology drives the social world and drives progress
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Kinesics
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the study of the meaning of body movement
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Haptics
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the study of how people develop meanings for touch behaviors
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Hard Architecture
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refers to human-designed environments that make human contact more difficult by, for example, emphasizing uniformity, ease of maintenance, and clearly marked status levels over interpersonal contact
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Sommer's notion of tunnels and funnels
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Places that rank high in socially destructive buildings. For example, and airport terminal, the rows of benches do not allow for direct communication. A place that communication cannot happen correctly.
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Consistency Theory
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explains the means by which people maintain inner balance, congruence, or consistency among attitudes, opinions, and beliefs.
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Symbols
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a message that suggests, rather than verifies or mandates, the relations between things. When something symbolizes something else, it does not stand in one-to-one relation in the sense that when we see a symbol we know exactly what is being referred to. Rather, symbols are interpreted socially in different ways by different people.
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Icon
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the sign resembles its object in some way
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Index
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there is a direct link between the object and the sign; the two are actually connected. Ex: smoke is related to fire
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Signifier
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something that calls attention to, or stands for, something else
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Signified
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that which a signifier refers to or stands in for
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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explains how the language of a culture affects (or, in the strong version of the theory, determines) the way a culture defines reality.
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William's definition of Culture
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culture is ordinary, and everything in a whole way of life.
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Marx's definition of Ideology
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men make their own history; but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given, and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living.
–“The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte” Karl Marx |
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Gramsci's definition of Ideology
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common sense- a system of traces without an inventory
• (common sense=ideology; all the stuff you know, that you don’t know you know) |
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Denotation
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dictionary definition of something
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Connotation
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cultural meaning of something
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Postmodernism
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a newer set of social assumptions…
o grand narratives (metanarratives) are no longer persuasive or essential o voices of different groups have been fragmented into different language games, each with its own set of rules o no reliable connection exists between meaning and either authors’ intentions or external reality o postmodern reality is based on surfaces and differing layers of meaning o messages are inherently unstable and unspecifiable; deconstructing them shows how they are ambiguous and capable of undermining or contradicting themselves |
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Hard Architecture
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refers to human-designed environments that make human contact more difficult by, for example, emphasizing uniformity, ease of maintenance, and clearly marked status levels over interpersonal contact
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The Global Village
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McLuhan describes how the globe has been contracted into a village by electric technology and the instantaneous movement of information from every quarter to every point at the same time . In bringing all social and political functions together in a sudden implosion, electric speed has heightened human awareness of responsibility to an intense degree
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Semantics
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the study of language meaning
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Figure Ground Perception
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a concept developed by media theorist Marshall McLuhan referring to humans' ability to separate elements based upon contrast
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Metanarrative
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an abstract idea that is thought to be a comprehensive explanation of historical experience or knowledge. According to John Stephens it "is a global or totalizing cultural narrative schema which orders and explains knowledge and experience". The prefix meta means "beyond" and is here used to mean "about", and a narrative is a story. Therefore, a metanarrative is a story about a story, encompassing and explaining other 'little stories' within totalizing schemes.
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The medium is the message
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phrase coined by Marshall McLuhan meaning that the form of a medium embeds itself in the message, creating a symbiotic relationship by which the medium influences how the message is perceived.
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Communication Ecology
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refers to “the context in which communication processes occur” These processes are seen to involve people communicating with others in their social networks, both face-to-face and using a mix of media and communication technologies
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Selective Perception
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The act of a listener or reader choosing to filter out or not pay attention to stimuli either consciously or unconsciously.
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Perception
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process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information
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Self-fulfilling Prophecy
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prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
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Signal
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an encoded message sent through a channel to a receiver. those messages that stand in a one-to-one, unambiguous relationship to what they represent.
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Modernism
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perspective that celebrates rationality and scientific method in the enlightenment tradition
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Code
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a system by which information can be communicated.
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