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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How has audiology changed as a profession? |
The degree has elevated from a masters to a doctorate. |
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What degree of education is required for an audiometrist? What is their scope? |
Hs degree and certificate. They can do screenings. |
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Who can conduct screenings? |
Audiologists, audiometrists, and slps |
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Audiology |
The branch of Science that studies hearing, balance, related disorders. |
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The audiology profession |
Primary health care profession devoted to the evaluation, diagnosis and (non-med) treatment of hearing and balance disorders. |
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Audiologist |
Person concerned with the identification, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with impairments of auditory and vestibular function and the prevention of impairment associated with them. Non medical management. Diagnosis of hearing disorders. Can't prescribe or perform surgery. |
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Otolaryngologists (ENT) |
Performs a complete medical history and physical exam of head and neck. Can also perform and supervise hearing and balance screening/testing, which leads to the medical diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases of the hearing and balance systems in children and adults. MD or DO required |
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Hearing aid specialist |
Assesses hearing and selects fit and dispenses hearing aids and related devices. Certification required |
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Speech language pathologist |
Often work with Audiologists because some speech problems are a direct result of hearing problems. |
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Asha survey data on Audiologists |
Majority have private practices (50%) Hospital (22%) Schools (10%) University (9%) Industry (4%) |
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Two main areas of activity in audiology |
Diagnostics and management |
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Rehabilitation |
Something that someone had and they lost/need further assistance with habitation (teaching something new) |
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Hearing conservation |
Conserving what is left ex. Ear protection in loud areas |
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Audiometric data/organic hearing status |
Ability to process linguistic stimuli through the auditory system. Organic=authentic/real |
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Deaf |
Limited residual hearing |
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Hard of hearing |
More residual hearing than deaf |
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Disability |
The functional (physical) limitation imposed by an impairment. |
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Handicap |
Refers to the obstacles... Psychosocial function resulting from a disability. Inconvenience, obstacles, Psychosocial implications. |
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Devices to help compensate for hearing deficit |
Cochlear device/fm system |
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Prelingual |
Before language is acquired (no exposure to understanding speech) |
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Postlingual |
After language is acquired (therefore have acquired some understanding of tonality) |
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What percent of US population is hearing impaired? |
10% 40 million |
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What are some effects of untreated hearing loss? |
sadness, depression, worry, anxiety, paranoia, less social activity, emotional turmoil and insecurity |
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What are some effects of treated hearing loss? |
better relationships, better self esteem, improved mental health, greater independence |
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What are the seven signs of ear disease?** |
1. ear pain/fullness 2. discharge of bleeding 3. sudden or progressive hearing loss 4. unequal hearing between ears or noise in the ear 5. hearing loss after an injury, loud sound, or air travel. 6. slow or abnormal speech development in children 7. balance disturbance or dizziness |
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When are hearing symptoms medically important in CA?** |
1.visible congenital or traumatic deformity of the ear 2. history of, or active drainage from the ear within the past 90 days 3. history of sudden or rapidly progressive hearing loss within the past 90 days. 4. acute or chronic dizziness 5.unilateral hearing loss of sudden or recent onset within the past 90 days 6. significant air-bone gap |
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Why should we care about hearing problems? |
Medical (significant health problems) & communication |
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What are some serious impacts of hearing loss? |
Lose some sounds, tinnitus, loss of localization, social impacts |
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When are hearing symptoms medically important? |
1. When it's due to an infection 2. When there is a sudden loss of hearing 3. When there is any significant difference between ears. |
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Frequency |
measured in hertz measures loudness |
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Intensity |
measured in dB HL measures intensity. |
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Sound |
an acoustic waveform generated by a vibrating body that is capable of being heard. [both physical and perceptual] |
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Sound Waves |
fluctuations in air pressure across time, created by the motion or vibration of an object [e.g. the vibration of vocal chords, oscillating violin string] PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE |
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Peripheral Auditory System |
consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear. Has nothing to do with the central nervous system. |
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What is the path of soundwaves through the outer, middle, & inner ear? |
sound waves travel down the auditory canal and cause the ear drum to vibrate. the main function of the ossicles is the efficient transfer of sound waves from air to the fluids of the cochlea. |
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Explain the structure of the inner ear |
Fluid filled. Reissner's membrane is and the Basilar Membrane divides the cochlea lengthwise. The cochlea [near oval window] is the base [basal end] the other end of the cochlea is the apex [apical end] |
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Reissner's Membrane |
separates scala media from scala vestibuli |
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Basilar membrane |
separates scala media from scala tympani |
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Tectorial membrane |
attached along one edge of the wall to scala media |
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organ of corti |
located in scala media on top of basilar membrane. innervates the auditory cortex which then sends sound info to the brain [auditory cortex in the temporal lobe] |
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What four processes are occuring during hearing? |
Recognize, Orient, Separate, and focus |
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What is the range of hearing in most humans? |
20 hz to 20K hz |
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Between what frequencies do most of the speech frequencies lie? |
between 250 and 6k Hz |
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CPS |
cycles per second. Measurement of hertz |
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loudness |
the way in which we perceive amplitude |
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localization |
refers to our ability to place a sound in space |
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psychoacoustics |
the study of hearing relationship between the physical properties of sound and sensations they produce all contribute to sound quality. |
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Simple sounds |
sine wave/sinusoidal puretone |
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complex sounds |
periodic wave/aperiodic wave |
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Longitudinal waves |
as the loudspeaker vibrates, it causes the surrounding molecules to vibrate in a particular pattern represented by the waveform. The vibrating air then causes the listener's eardrum to vibrate in the same pattern. |
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compression |
a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together |
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rarefraction |
a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are furthest apart |
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simple periodic waves [sine waves] are defined by |
frequency: how often does the pattern repeat per time unit [cycles per second] cycle: one repetition period: duration of cycle |
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complex periodic waves |
cyclic but composed of multiple sine waves. |
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fundamental frequency |
rate at which largest pattern repeats+harmonics |
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noise |
characterized as being aperiodic having a non-repetitive pattern. There are many different types of noise depending primarily on the random distribution of frequencies |
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echo |
some sound is absorbed but some of the vibrations "bounce back" and create a new sounds wave that travels back towards its source |
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acoustics |
part of physics; concepts like frequency and amplitude |