Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-Computer - Type of computers (3) |
-A device that accepts(input) values, and then translates informations to give a result(output) - Abacus, Difference machine- polynomial, Eniac - first electronic general purpose computer |
|
- Blooms Taxonomy - 6 levels of competence ( K.C.A.A.S.E) |
- Studied how people think - knowledge - recall something -application - solve a problem -comprehension - predicting consequences -analysis - identify patterns -synthesis - use old ideas to make new ones -evaluation - compare |
|
Before you start a program, what should you do? |
Top down design |
|
What are algorithms |
The process of how your program should work |
|
where are computer programs stored, and why? -Once a file is created how does it run |
- Source files, because they are readable. - Through python interpretor.
|
|
- Compiling - interpreting - Compilation diagram (d - Virtual Machine |
- Performs a conversion ( converts source codes at once to machine code, uses higher level languages) - performs a conversion (coverts line by line to machine code, uses lower level languages) - source file > compiler > machine code > c.p.u > result -source file > virtual machine > result |
|
-Advantages of a compiler -Disadvantages |
- source code remains sacred/ its faster -works on only one computer |
|
-Advantages of virtual machine -Disadvantages |
- works on very computer - slower |
|
-Magic numbers |
- Poorly written numeric constants without meaning |
|
3 Types of errors |
- syntax error - as the code is created; no statements are executed - runtime error - as the program runs; does not complete successfully - logic error - runs to completion, but gives wrong answers |
|
Data types |
-boolean: true or false -string -int -float e.t.c. |
|
What is information? what is a data? |
-A condition or description of something -Representation of information |
|
what is the sequence for constructing binary? numbers |
8421 |
|
7 bits of character has how many characters |
2^7 = 128 characters |
|
limitations for ascii characters and solutions to it? |
only reps latin characters, doesnt support accented char uft - 8 reps everything |
|
Problems with real numbers? |
it cant rep all the real numbers, theres only a finite amount of memory. |
|
what are raster images? |
collections of squares (pixels) |
|
boolean logic: -not - difference between or / Xor |
- flips input value - or: outputs true if one or both of the inputs are true -Xor: outputs true if exactly one of the input is true. |
|
- while and for loops are examples of what? - how many times do post-tested loops runs? |
- Pretested loops, runs 0 or more times - 1 or more times |
|
- Common errors in looping? |
- initialization errors - forget to initialize a variable - Termination errors - infinite loop - logic errors |
|
what are nested loops? |
the body of one loop contains another loop |
|
differences between break and continue? |
- stops loop immediately - stops iteration and goes to the top of the condition/ loop |
|
define knowledge application comprehension synthesis evaluate analyze |
- recall - solve a problem - predict consequences - use old ideas to make new ones - compare to find strength and weaknesses - find patterns |
|
- condition coverage - statement coverage - path coverage - They are examples of what type of testing? |
- every possible decision point in program - every possible statement in a program - every possible path in a program - white box testing |
|
-white box testing - black box |
- testing while looking at the source code - testing without looking at source code |
|
explain if-then-elif-else |
hows one of several options to execute |
|
order of precedence |
- math operator - rational operator - not - and - or - assignment |
|
8 16 32 64 |
8 - byte - hundreds 16 - half-word - thousands 32 - word - million 64 - double-word - billion |
|
- What are functions and what can they contain? - A function should? - What does parameters do for a function and they are what? |
- They are a named set of statements, they can take parameters and return values - Should perform a clearly defined specific single purpose - Hide details from the caller - Supplies data to function, they are positional |
|
Define: Actual parameter Formal parameter |
- The values placed in the brackets after the function is called - The name of the variable parameter in the function definition Formal parameters hold values passed to the function |
|
Positional parameters assign values to _______ in the order that they occur while name parameters? |
- Parameter variables - Allows us to assign values in any order |
|
Returning a function allows what ? Scope determines what? |
- Allows a value to be returned from the function in where it was called - The portion of a program where a name can be used |
|
Why are functions useful? |
- Facilitate code recuse - Reduce complexity - Ease maintenance |
|
What are list? |
- A mechanism for organizing related datas, or just a collection of values |
|
What would you get when you called in cbc.values() from a dictionary named cbc with some keys and values? |
A list of any dimension except 1D containing the values |
|
______ sort is the method of creating a sorted list by randomly taking an item from the unsorted list and placing in the right location in the sorted list until all the items are sorted |
Insertion sort |
|
Difference between tuples and lists? |
- Tuples cant be changed, and items cant be assigned differently - Lists uses square brackets while tuple uses parenthesis |
|
Information about function calls and pointers for local variables and formal parameters are stored in as what in a program's memory? |
Stacks |
|
How is text different from data? |
Text holds instructions in machine cold, while data points to global variables and consents |
|
Which type of sorting described by the following statement ? Find the smallest number in the unsorted list, remove that number and add it to the end o the sorted list. Repeat this sequence until there are no numbers in the unsorted list |
Selection sort |
|
what does rstrip() do? |
Take carriage return out of string |
|
Define: - Bubble sort - Concatenation - Slicing - Dictionaries - Strings |
- Compare 2 adjacent things, if there are out of order, it switches it - Joins 2 list together - Remove elements from a list - A collection of values - A collection of characters |
|
- What is the difference between sorted and sort? - How do you remove from a dictionary? - How do you remove everything from a dictionary? - How go you get something from a string? |
- Sorted takes one parameter, sort doesn't - Use pop, or del - clear() - find() |
|
What is the difference between mutable types and in-mutable types? The memory for a program is organizedinto what four regions? |
- Memory stored in mutable types can change e.g.(float, strings, boolean) - Memory stored in in-mutable types can't change e.g.(lists, dictionaries) - Text: program instructions - data: constants and global variables - heap: variables located as program runs - stack: information for function calls |
|
What are the two types of file? What are the two ways to access a file? |
- Text file: done with ascii or unicode - Binary file: contain arbitrary sequences, doesn't conform to ascii characters - Sequential access - Random file access |
|
What are escape sequences? What are databases? |
- Two characters that represent a character we cant type directly - A structured collection of records organized for easy retrieval |
|
In the relational model, what does databases consist of? |
- Schema: describes the structure of the data |
|
Define Primary key Foreign key |
- A unique value associated with each row in the table - A primary key value from another table residing in the current table |
|
What are the 2 cases for recursive functions? |
- Base case: doesn't make recursive call and allows function to terminate - Recursive case: function calls it self |
|
What are the advantages to recursive functions? |
- Faster to make - Requires less memory |