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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Culture definition- |
Away of life developed and shared by a group of people and passed down fromgeneration to generation |
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Culture as learned- |
~notinnate ~it provides stability ~it makes social situations predictable ~weak vsstrong |
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Three approaches tostudying culture- |
~social science ~Interpretive ~Critical |
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Social Science |
Behaviorcan be observed, measured, and predicted and that human behavior is universal |
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Interpretive |
subjectiveexperience of the individual |
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Critical |
concernedwith creating change by examining power relationships within cultures |
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Individualism-collectivism- |
members ofan individualist culture tend to emphasize personal goals, to think ofthemselves as independent, and to be direct in communicating |
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High Context- |
Aremore skilled in reading nonverbal behaviors and they assume that people will beable to do so Ex. Chinese/ Japanese |
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Low context- |
Stressdirect and explicit communication, Emphasize verbal message Ex. German/Scandinavian |
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Power distance- |
Thedegree to which people accept authority and hierarchical organization as anatural part of their culture |
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Masculinity- |
Valuework, strength, competition, and assertiveness |
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Femininity- |
Valuetraits such as affection, compassion, nurturing, and interpersonalrelationships |
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Uncertainty avoidance- |
Measureof the extent to which members of a given culture to avoid uncertainty orambiguity about others |
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Ethnocentrism- |
Tendencyto judge the values, customs, behaviors, or other aspects of another culture interms of those that our group regards as desirable |
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Stereotyping- |
Ageneralization based on limited information that is accompanied by anevaluative component. |
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Conflict (definition)- |
Anexpressed struggle between at least 2 independent parties each of whomperceives incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the otherin attempts to achieve goals |
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Conflict components- |
Expressed Struggle: conflict must be communicated Interdependency: each partyis tied to other parties Incompatible goals: bothparties cannot achieve same objective Interference: other is an obstacle; “you are blocking my path” |
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Dysfunctionalassumptions about conflict (in class)- |
~Harmony is normal, conflict is abnormal ~Conflict is the result of clashes of personality ~People who engage in conflict are unbalanced ~It is best not to escalate conflict ~Conflict only creates problems |
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Levels of conflict:Intrapersonal Conflict- |
withinthe individual |
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Levels of conflict: Interpersonal Conflict- |
betweenindividuals |
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Level of conflict: Intragroup- |
withina small group |
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Levels of conflict: Intergroup Conflict- |
betweengroups |
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Conflict management(conflict resolution)- |
individualshave preferred styles for revolving conflict. Offers 5 different styles:Avoidance, competition, compromise, accommodation, and collaboration |
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Negotiation(definition)- |
ACommunication process of resolving conflicts through mutually acceptableconcessions |
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Six-step model - |
Step 1: Analyzingand Negotiation Situation Step 2:Planning for the upcoming negotiationsStep 3:Organizing Step 4:Gaining and maintaining control Step 5:Closing the Negotiations Step 6: Continuousimprovements |
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Ethics (defined)- |
studyof general nature of morals and of the specifics moral choices to be made by aperson |
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Principles (e.g.,golden mean)- |
Themiddle part between 2 extremes |
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Ethical perspectives- |
idk yet |
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Whistleblowing- |
A memberof a group makes a charge about the violation of ethical standards or normswithin the group itself |
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Stages of relationships- |
-Perceived perception - mutual awareness. - Greetings – “How areyou?”. - Clichés – common topicsof conversation. - Commitment–agree to dosomething together. - Divergence – crossroads. -Intimacy – free to self-disclose |
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Human attraction |
Proximity Similarity Physical features Situations Reciprocity of liking Self esteem Anxiety Social isolation |
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Definingcharacteristics of relationships- |
Context,time, and trust |
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Relationship dissolution: Intrapsychicphase |
Internal |
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Relationship dissolution:DyadicPhase- |
confronteach other |
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Relationship dissolution:Social Phase- |
seek advise from others |
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Relationship dissolution:GraveDressing Phase |
moving on// getting over it |
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Interpersonalcommunication (definition)- |
Dynamicform of communication between 2 or 3 people in which messages significantlyimpact their thinking, emotions, or behaviors ( MOST INTIMATE) |
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Norms- |
Rulesabout behaviors |
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Roles- |
APrescribed set of behaviors |
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Self-disclosure- |
Intentionallymaking known information about oneself |
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Trust &reciprocity- |
when1 person discloses something about himself to another, he tends to elicit areciprocal level of openness. |
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Affiliation- |
a continuum from highly affiliative to antisocial behavior. |
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Commitment- |
the resolve to continue in a relationship indefinitely and to make the efforts necessary to ensure that it will continue. |
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power in relationships- |
thecapacity to influence the behavior of others and to resist their influence ononeself |
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Power Base- |
French & Raven: Coercive power Reward power Legitimate power Referent power |
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Types of listening-Pleasurable: |
talking asa means of ex. Playing games and social gatherings |
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Types of listening-Discriminative: |
used forunderstanding and remembering ex. Classroom or instructions |
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Types of listening-Critical: |
used whenwe suspect that we are listening to a biased source of info and when we need tomake a choice about something |
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Types of listening-EmpatheticListening: |
thelistener tries to demonstrate empathy for the speaker |
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Understanding: |
theprocess whereby we assign a meaning to the words we hear that closely correspondsto the meaning intended by the person sending the message |
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Remembering: |
Storing information for later |
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Evaluating: |
weighthe perceived accuracy and validity of the information received |
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Responding: |
take all 5elements together to create a response |
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Interpreting: |
DUH |
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Listening effectively: |
main points eye contact express non verbally listen for claims by the speaker |
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Ineffective Listening- |
hearing problems Overload selective attention wandering/rapid thoughts noises |
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Intergroupcommunication- |
Aninteraction that occurs when either party defines self or the other party interms of group membership |
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Group identity/Group membership- |
used to create social identity |
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Hate Speech |
Hate speech is speech that offends, threatens, or insults groups based on race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability or other traits. Hate speech dehumanizes others |
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stereotype activation/stereotype suppression- |
we form stereotypes, prove them wrong, then suppress them |