Colic In Ruminants

Front 1

name 5 general causes of colic in ruminants

Back 1

1. pain-stretch receptors in serosa

2. pain stretch receptors in mesentary

3. ischemia/infarction

4. inflammation

5. muscle spasms (slaframine)

Front 2

how does a cow being a foregut fermenter make it less prone to colic?

Back 2

-gas can be eructate

-ileus doesn't cause abnormal fermentation

-adhesions/bad motility don't cause gas accumulation in the bowel

Front 3

true or false:

cows being able to vomit and burp is an advantage over cows

Back 3

true

Front 4

Does it take longer or shorter to active pain/stretch receptors in ruminants?

Back 4

longer

Front 5

true or false:

cows have a short mesentary which makes them less likely to torse

Back 5

true

only small intestine has a long mesentary

Front 6

T or F:

cows take a long time to wall off inflammation

Back 6

false: they respond quickly

Front 7

T or F:

horses have a stronger predilection for intestinal thrombosis than cows

Back 7

T

they have strongylus vulgaris, ruminants dont

Front 8

what do ruminant gastric receptors signal: satiety or pain?

Back 8

satiety

Front 9

T or F

fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base abnormalities happen quite a bit in a cow, and makes them look less colic-y

Back 9

True

depression overshadows pain

Front 10

pain stretch receptors can be found in the serosa of what organs?

Back 10

kidney

liver

ureters

bladder

urethra

broad ligaments

Front 11

what are more prominent signs of colic in a cow?

Back 11

-abdominal distention/contour

-tenesmus

-dystocia

-decreased milk production

-abnormal posture

Front 12

give 3 examples of ruminant abnormal posture with colic

Back 12

-splinting

-hunched/posturing

-stretched out

Front 13

describe splinting

what does it indicate?

Back 13

back hunched, elbows out

indicates cranial abdominal pain

Front 14

define hunched/posturing

what does it indicate?

Back 14

-back end dropped, elbows normal

indicates caudal pain/tenesmus

Front 15

define stretched out

what does it indicate?

Back 15

front legs forward, hind legs back, back ventroflexed like a sawhorse

indicates dorsal pain

Front 16

you see a cow eating frequent small bites of food, leaving it in their mouth and has poor milk production

these are all signs of...

Back 16

colic!

(besides rolling and looking at flank, I chose non-obvious ones)

Front 17

what clin path do you expect with enteritis, renal disease, or a ruptured bladder?

Back 17

hypochloremia/hyponatremia

Front 18

in a cow with obstruction/ileus, the hypochloremia is proportional to....?

Back 18

duration

completeness

proximity to the pylorus

Front 19

if your cow has enteritis, shock, and/or tissue compromise, you expect your patient to have metabolic... acidosis/alkalosis?

Back 19

acidosis

Front 20

a cow with an obstruction will generally have metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Back 20

alkalosis

Front 21

what is the leading cause of colic in ruminants and camelids?

Back 21

urogenital disase

Front 22

what is the major urogenital disease in female ruminants/camelids?

males?

Back 22

female: uterine torsion/dystocia

male: urinary tract obstruction

Front 23

most peritonitis in ruminants is associated with _______ disease, but _________, ________ _________, __________, and _________ _______ may also lead to peritonitis

Back 23

most with GI disease

BUT:

-bactermia

-umbilical infections

-wounds

-urogenital disease

Front 24

Gi disease, which causes peritonitis, is usually secondary to....?

(5 total)

Back 24

-grain overload

-traumatic reticulitis

-perforating ulcers

-severe enteritis

-ischemic bowel

Front 25

how do you diagnose peritonitis?

Back 25

-cbc

-abdominocentesis

-rectal

-exploratory

Front 26

how do you treat acute peritonitis in a cow?

chronic peritonitis?

Back 26

acute: can leave it alone, otherwise antibiotics and NSAIDS, surgery if diffuse

chronic: surgery to break down adhesions

Front 27

poor gastric emptying or abomasal/intestinal fluid reflux will lead to _________ abdominal distension

Back 27

ventral

Front 28

wha is the one abomasal displacement that can lead to severe omental stretch and ischemia of the abomasal wall?

Back 28

volvulus

Front 29

is a cow with an AV colicking? (spelling?!)

Back 29

-the colic is transient

-pain overshadowed by fluid/acid base imbalance

Front 30

what are the sequelae of small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions?

Back 30

obstruction of lumen-->intestinal distention-->abdominal fluid distention-->stretch on mesentary

Front 31

T or F:

small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions can cause ischemia and gas distention

Back 31

true

Front 32

T or F:

with small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions, the greater the degree of ischemia, the more likely the animal is to show blood work suggestive of obstruction

Back 32

FALSE. LESS LIKELY to show BW b/c it happens so quickly

Front 33

how would you diagnose small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions?

Back 33

-abdominal distension

-multiple small pings on right side

-rectal

-maybe decreased fecal production

Front 34

what is bloody gut?

what causes it?

Back 34

SI obstruction due to blood clots usually in the duodenum/jejunum

no one knows for sure what causes it

Front 35

with the telescoping of the intestines, what is the oral section of bowel called?

the aboral section?

Back 35

oral section: intussuceptum

aboral: intussuscipiens

Front 36

what predisposes a cow to getting an intussusception?

a calf?

Back 36

cow: mural and mesenteric masses

calf: enteritis

Front 37

if you have a calf with a history of enteritis, acute abdominal distention, and decreased fecal passage--what do you think it is?

Back 37

intussusception!

Front 38

what GI disease most consistently causes colic in cattle?

Back 38

intussusceptions

Front 39

what does the labwork look like with an intussception?

how would you differentiate it from a DA?

Back 39

-hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

-CBC will have inflammation due to necrosing bowel (unless peracute)

Front 40

a cow has ventral abdominal distention and colic. how do you differentiate between your two biggest suspicions of mesenteric volvulus and SI intussusception?

Back 40

-volvulus= gast distended

-intussusception= not really gas distended

Front 41

you see a cow pass feces with the consistency of raspberry jam. what does the cow have?

Back 41

intussusception

Front 42

will rectal of an intussusception reveal turgid or balloon small intestines?

Back 42

turgid

Front 43

how do you treat intussusceptions?

Back 43

-surgical resection

-fluids

Front 44

can an intussusception take a week to show up or is an acute thing?

Back 44

can actually take 5-9 days with an incomplete obstruction

Front 45

what are the risk factors for cecal dilation and volvulus?

Back 45

early lactation

highly fermentable diets

low scratch factor

Front 46

you have a cow with cecal dilation

do you expect circulatory compromise/dehydration?

what about milk production?

Back 46

both are mildly decreased (compare to volvulus)

Front 47

true or false:

cecal volvulus leads to a slow decline in clinical conditions

Back 47

false

Front 48

clinical signs of cecal volvulus?

Back 48

tachycardia

weakness

lack of fecal passage

colic

Front 49

how do you treat cecal dilation?

Back 49

If mild: fluids, calcium, roughage diet

if severe: surgery

Front 50

how do you treat cecal cilation?

Back 50

surgery and fluids

-can do cecal amputation

Front 51

characterize the feces from severe diffuse enteritis?

Back 51

small amounts of diarrhea, but usually pass no feces

Front 52

you walk up to a cow and it looks like a beach ball--bilateral dorsal and ventral abdominal distention. what is it?

Back 52

severe diffuse enteritis

Front 53

how do you treat severe diffuse enteritis?

Back 53

eh. some respond to fluid and electrolyte treatment, many just die

Front 54

what poison can cause hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in cattle?

Back 54

arsenic

Front 55

what is the most common clinical sign of pain with colitis?

Back 55

tenesmus

Front 56

what is the most common cause of tenesmus/colitis in cattle?

Back 56

coccidiosis (eimeria)

Front 57

how do you diagnosis and treat colitis in cattle?

Back 57

dx: fecal smear

treat: anticoccidial drugs (amprolium)

Front 58

why do calves frequently get abdominal distention and colic?

Back 58

abnormal fermentation of milk

more common with poor quality milk replacers

Front 59

how do you differentiate a calf with milk tympany from mesenteric torsion and abomasal volvulus

Back 59

calves with milk tympany get better in a few hours

Front 60

how do you treat milk tympany/calf indigestion?

Back 60

cross you fingers

Front 61

when does the adult form of intestinal tympany occur?

Back 61

a month postpartum in dairy cattle

Front 62

how will a cow with an adult form of intestinal tympany present?

Back 62

ping everywhere, are painful, milk production and appetite decrease

rectal unremarkable

HR 100

hypocalcemic

Front 63

how do you treat the adult form of intestinal tympany?

Back 63

calcium. no surgery or anything