Co-Occurrence (Powerpoint Slides

Front 1

Comorbidity vs. dual diagnosis….Which one is more specific and severe?

Back 1

Dual diagnosis

Front 2

What is often attributed to an increase in evidence of dual diagnoses?

Back 2

Deinstitution

Front 3

What example of a severe mental illness has had a huge shift in the treatment for people with it?

Back 3

Schizophrenia

Front 4

What is the concept that comorbidity is an illusion caused by imprecise research (not likely to be sole explanation, but could distort exact prevalence)?

Back 4

Research artifacts

Front 5

What three factors may lead to research artifacts?

Back 5

Chance, sampling bias, and population stratification (failing to account for some other relevant factor)

Front 6

What is the process in which comorbidity occurs because the same risk factors lead to both mental illness and substance use disorder?

Back 6

Transdiagnostic processes

Front 7

What type of transdiagnostic process involves a single risk factor underlying both MI and SUD - like a genetic vulnerability or the experience of early childhood hardship?

Back 7

Alternative forms/general latent factor

Front 8

What type of transdiagnostic process involves the same large set of risk factors underlying both MI and SUD?

Back 8

Correlated liabilities

Front 9

What other explanation for comorbidity involves “MI and SUD” being its own distinct disorder with its own distinct etiology?

Back 9

Three independent disorders

Front 10

What common explanatory factor involves sometimes one disorder presenting like another disorder?

Back 10

Multiformity

Front 11

What type of multiformity involves symptoms happening to resemble each other?

Back 11

Random multiformity

Front 12

What type of multiformity involves symptoms only to resembling each other when at some severe level?

Back 12

Extreme multiformity

Front 13

What example of causal factors of comorbidity involves MI causing SUD (or vice versa) - disagreement over which one is the primary disorder?

Back 13

Causation

Front 14

What example of casual factors of comorbidity involves MI causing SUD AND SUD causing MI (or at least they both exacerbate each other over time)?

Back 14

Reciprocal causation

Front 15

In the development of psychosis, what role has been proven to be played by some evidence for cannabis use during adolescence?

Back 15

Causal role

Front 16

This causal evidence for cannabis use during adolescence in the development of psychosis is mostly for those with what existing vulnerability?

Back 16

Genetic vulnerability

Front 17

Is it rare to find evidence this clear of causation?

Back 17

Yes

Front 18

In this study on causal factors for cannabis use in adolescents, what was ruled out, controlling for other factors?

Back 18

Self-medication

Front 19

What does the survey called NESARC-III focus on?

Back 19

Prevalence of alcohol and other related conditions

Front 20

Put these SUDs and MI in order from most prevalent to least prevalent:

- PTSD

- Personality disorders (ASPD, BPD)

- Anxiety

- Mood (BD, MDD)

Back 20

Personality disorders (ASPD, BPD), PTSD, Mood (BD, MDD), Anxiety

Front 21

Considering comorbidity of SUDs with each other, what is the lowest comorbid agent?

Back 21

Alcohol (1 in 7 people)

Front 22

Considering comorbidities of SUDs with each other, which substance is highest?

Back 22

Inhalants (almost 100% comorbidity)

Front 23

When it comes to prevalence of multiple SUDs and MI, what type of disorders are the most common?

Back 23

Personality disorders (PTSD specifically)

Front 24

What theory is based on social psych rather than clinical, but similar to the correlated liabilities and reciprocal causation models?

Back 24

Problem behavior theory

Front 25

What are the three categories or systems of variables in the problem behavior theory?

Back 25

(Perceived) environmental system, behavior system, and personality system

Front 26

What system of variables in the problem behavior theory focuses on motivation, self-esteem, and mental health?

Back 26

Personality system

Front 27

What system of variables in the problem behavior theory focuses on aggression, academic performance, and substance use?

Back 27

Behavior system

Front 28

What system of variables in the problem behavior theory focuses on “controls” and “instigations” -like risk and protective factors?

Back 28

(Perceived) environmental system

Front 29

What concept does the problem behavior theory mainly focus on?

Back 29

Multiple “problem” behaviors clustering together due to one or more of the systems of variables (other risky behaviors, aggression, etc.)

Front 30

What is more common in people with SUD?

Back 30

Delay discounting

Front 31

In delay discounting, what are people with SUD more likely to do?

Back 31

Pick the immediate reward or substance

Front 32

Delay discounting is especially common in people with what (may be an underlying factor or symptom)?

Back 32

Comorbidities

Front 33

What test is linked to delay discounting, although the test largely failed to replicate and was strongly linked to SES?

Back 33

Marshmallow test

Front 34

What usually refers to schizophrenia, severe bipolar disorder, some personality disorders, but depends on the literature?

Back 34

SMI (Severe Mental Illness)

Front 35

What model/explanation for SMI and SUDs involves being commonly caused by antisocial personality disorder, which leads to both risk behavior and other comorbid severe mental illnesses?

Back 35

ASPD model

Front 36

What model/explanation for SMI and SUDs involves an extreme vulnerability to stress that exacerbated both mental illness and effects of drugs/alcohol?

Back 36

Supersensitivity

Front 37

What explanation for SMI and SUDs involves the occurrence where these models are proposed as complements to explain two different patterns?

Back 37

Not mutually exclusive

Front 38

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 38

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 39

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 39

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 40

Adults pose special challenges when they have what two things?

Back 40

SMI and dual diagnosis

Front 41

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 41

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 42

Adults pose special challenges when they have what two things?

Back 42

SMI and dual diagnosis

Front 43

Is this true? Treatment systems may not be equipped for severe mental health needs which may lead to revolving doors and the involvement of authorities.

Back 43

True!

Front 44

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 44

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 45

Adults pose special challenges when they have what two things?

Back 45

SMI and dual diagnosis

Front 46

Is this true? Treatment systems may not be equipped for severe mental health needs which may lead to revolving doors and the involvement of authorities.

Back 46

True!

Front 47

In the past, if treatment was received for both SUD and SMI, how was it structured?

Back 47

In sequence

Front 48

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 48

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 49

Adults pose special challenges when they have what two things?

Back 49

SMI and dual diagnosis

Front 50

Is this true? Treatment systems may not be equipped for severe mental health needs which may lead to revolving doors and the involvement of authorities.

Back 50

True!

Front 51

In the past, if treatment was received for both SUD and SMI, how was it structured?

Back 51

In sequence

Front 52

The sequence treatment method is beginning to change, leading to what type of model for adults with SMI?

Back 52

Integrated care model

Front 53

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 53

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 54

Adults pose special challenges when they have what two things?

Back 54

SMI and dual diagnosis

Front 55

Is this true? Treatment systems may not be equipped for severe mental health needs which may lead to revolving doors and the involvement of authorities.

Back 55

True!

Front 56

In the past, if treatment was received for both SUD and SMI, how was it structured?

Back 56

In sequence

Front 57

The sequence treatment method is beginning to change, leading to what type of model for adults with SMI?

Back 57

Integrated care model

Front 58

What type of treatment is met with mixed feelings on effectiveness, may help keep SMU patients engaged, and is often “layered over” existing treatment?

Back 58

Integrated treatment

Front 59

What does treatment for SUD and MI focus on?

Back 59

Only substance use, not comorbid mental health issues (even though these comorbidities can affect how effective the substance use treatment is too!)

Front 60

Adults pose special challenges when they have what two things?

Back 60

SMI and dual diagnosis

Front 61

Is this true? Treatment systems may not be equipped for severe mental health needs which may lead to revolving doors and the involvement of authorities.

Back 61

True!

Front 62

In the past, if treatment was received for both SUD and SMI, how was it structured?

Back 62

In sequence

Front 63

The sequence treatment method is beginning to change, leading to what type of model for adults with SMI?

Back 63

Integrated care model

Front 64

What type of treatment is met with mixed feelings on effectiveness, may help keep SMU patients engaged, and is often “layered over” existing treatment?

Back 64

Integrated treatment

Front 65

Yes or no…Is further work needed to be done for SMI and adults?

Back 65

Yes!!