Cmhc 510 - Theories - Exam 2 - Chapter 6 - Existential

Front 1

Existential approaches to psychotherapy are more ______ than _______.

Back 1

Philosophical; pragmatic.

Front 2

Phenomenology =

Back 2

the subjective experience of a person

Front 3

ET's roots are in

Back 3

Existential philosophy

Front 4

Existential philosophy =

Back 4

the study of being and phenomenology; emphasizes that all we can really know is our own experience

Front 5

ET ideas should be a part of all acts of therapy

Back 5

true; because all humans face the ultimate concerns

Front 6

Yalom defines ET as

Back 6

a dynamic approach to therapy which focuses on concerns that are rooted in the individual's existence

Front 7

Continential/European school of thought emphasizes the

Back 7

limitations and tragedy of the human condition

Front 8

The United States school of thought emphasizes

Back 8

human potential and encounter

Front 9

the US school of thought is closely related to the

Back 9

humanistic school exemplified by Rogers and Maslow.

Front 10

Who was the founder of existential philosophy?

Back 10

Soren Kierkegaard

Front 11

The most coherent and readable formulation of ET in counseling is presented by

Back 11

Yalom

Front 12

The basic philosophy of ET Theorists is that

Back 12

humans are:

free

responsible for their own lives

possessing the potential for self-actualization

Front 13

Underlying ET philosophy is that

Back 13

the life of each human being is a finite drama enacted in a hostile or indifferent universe; the purpose of life is not at all given, but must be selected afresh by each individual through conscious acts of willfulness tempered by responsibility; no matter how close a person may feel toward another, each ultimate must face life alone.

Front 14

Frankl added that

Back 14

to live is to suffer, to survive is to find meaning in the suffering

Front 15

ET theorists recognize the human capacity for

Back 15

love and creativity

Front 16

Frankl: The salvation of man is through; and in

Back 16

love

Front 17

Frankl: The principal motivation of human beings is the

Back 17

search for meaning

Front 18

For other ET Theorists, meaning is

Back 18

created; there is no discovery involved

Front 19

Frankl: we discover life meaning through three routes:

Back 19

1. by creating a work/doing a deed

2. by experiencing something or encountering someone

3. by the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering

Front 20

Proponents of ET generally accept the idea of the unconscious, but...

Back 20

its content differs from the instinctual drives Freud proposed. Instead, it contains the true nature of our existence - that we are finite beings alone in a meaningless world

Front 21

ET theory is focused on the ______ of humans

Back 21

Being/existence

Front 22

Four distinct ways of being:

Back 22

Umwelt

Mitwelt

Eigenwelt

Uberwelt

Front 23

Umwelt =

Back 23

being in the physical world

Front 24

mitwelt =

Back 24

being in relation to others; the social/interpersonal world

Front 25

eigenwelt =

Back 25

the inner psychological world; being in one's subjective experience

Front 26

uberwelt =

Back 26

the spiritual world

Front 27

Truly authentic existence means

Back 27

attending to all four realms

Front 28

ET theorists assume that everyone experiences _________

Back 28

anxiety

Front 29

Anxiety arises from

Back 29

our personal need to survive, to preserve our being, and to assert our being

Front 30

The most powerful anxiety is ___________ and is associated with __________

Back 30

existential anxiety; the awareness of one's mortality

Front 31

Yalom identified four existential themes of human existence

Back 31

Death

Freedom

Meaning

Isolation

Front 32

The ultimate concern is

Back 32

death

Front 33

The source of most psychological dysfunction is

Back 33

death and the anxiety it triggers

Front 34

the awareness of death, however,

Back 34

gives meaning to life

Front 35

Existential guilt =

Back 35

guilt we experience about possibilities unfulfilled

Front 36

Existential guilt is ___________; because ________

Back 36

unavoidable; every time we choose something, we discard an option

Front 37

most ET theorists accept that human existence does not come with built in _________

Back 37

meaning

Front 38

Frankl on meaning: each individual's is __________ and is found only as a result of

Back 38

unique; a difficult search and perhaps unavoidable suffering

Front 39

ET: We are always and ultimately

Back 39

alone

Front 40

Awareness of ultimate concerns is

Back 40

inescapable

Front 41

The result of anxiety is

Back 41

defense

Front 42

Existential theorists aren't interested in personality because

Back 42

each individual has the choice on a moment by moment basis to determine who he is

Front 43

the existential therapist is more interested in the client's _______ than in the _______

Back 43

present; past

Front 44

ET: Health =

Back 44

authenticity

Front 45

ET: Psychological dysfunction is the result of

Back 45

living an unexamined life; not thinking about the values and meaning in our lives

Front 46

The major source of psychological dysfunction is the

Back 46

awareness of death

Front 47

Awareness of _______ raises _________, which then triggers ______________ ____________

Back 47

ultimate concerns; anxiety; defense mechanisms

Front 48

Frankl: Noogenic neurosis

Back 48

difficulties related to existential frustration or the lack of life meaning

Front 49

We rely mostly on two important defense mechanisms:

Back 49

feeling special and believing in an ultimate rescuer

Front 50

Do existential therapists do formal assessment?

Back 50

no

Front 51

ET to assess and diagnose doesn't

Back 51

capture the essence of individual existence

Front 52

ET is an ____________ approach

Back 52

experiential

Front 53

Existential therapists are quite ________ in their relationships with clients

Back 53

Active

Front 54

ET does not fit in a ______ _____ Model

Back 54

short term

Front 55

the therapist in ET is a

Back 55

consultant who has a very real, deep caring for the client

Front 56

As part of relating authentically, the therapist must have

Back 56

attended to his own existential issues

Front 57

when a client is reluctant to face ultimate concerns, ET calls it

Back 57

evasion, rather than resistance

Front 58

the purpose of psychotherapy in ET is

Back 58

to set people free: free of symptoms and free to be aware and to experience one's possibilities; to enable clients to live a more authentic life

Front 59

an authentic life involves

Back 59

accepting the ultimate concerns of being - the inevitability of our own deaths

Front 60

Beginning of ET therapeutic relationship =

Back 60

focused on building a strong, trusting therapeutic relationship

Front 61

The working relationship phase =

Back 61

the ET Therapist assesses the client's material in terms of the four ways of being (Umwelt, mitwelt, eigenwelt, and uberwelt)

Front 62

therapy should not be ____________-driven, but ___________-driven

Back 62

theory; relationship

Front 63

ET: Resonances =

Back 63

evidences of the values, beliefs, and emotions that present themselves in the current encounter between therapist and client

Front 64

The existential approach is _____________ techniques

Back 64

against

Front 65

ET important elements of therapy =

Back 65

self-exploration, insight, and challenge

Front 66

ET - Bracketing =

Back 66

the existential counselor must learn to suspend his own beliefs and biases in favor of fully understanding the client's world

Front 67

ET Therapists are interested in observing the client's

Back 67

nonverbal expression and calling attention to it

Front 68

the ET counselor can disclose in two different ways:

Back 68

about the process of therapy; about therapist's own existential struggles

Front 69

ET paradoxical intention

Back 69

encouraging a client to go with a troublesome symptom

Front 70

ET dereflection =

Back 70

directing the client to turn attention out to the world

Front 71

ET Dream analysis = looking for

Back 71

manifestations of the client's issues around the four ultimate concerns

Front 72

ET Guided fantasy =

Back 72

using imagery to increase death awareness

Front 73

ET is criticized because

Back 73

1. it isn't cohesive

2. writers are difficult to read

3. there isn't any one theorist to read to get an understanding

4. not very testable

Front 74

ET is viable for use ______

Back 74

across cultures

Front 75

The themes of ET are particularly relevant for

Back 75

women