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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
FHS
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Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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mount
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To mount a file system, enter the command mount, specifying the device file and the directory to which the file ssystem should be mounted
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mount point
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the directory to which a device is mounted / only the user root can mount and unmount directories
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umount
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A file system can be removed again with the command umount
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library
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specific functions that are also used by other programs / Stored in the /lib/ directory
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fstab
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"File system table" is a file in /etc/ that holds a table of all disks and partitions and shows how each are intialized
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mtab
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mount command shows the exact same thing / shows the file systems which are currently mounted
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files
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normal files / refer to the files as they are also known to other operating systems: a set of contiguous data addressed with one name
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directories
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special files that are used to organize other files on the filesystem
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device files
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a file used to identify hardware devices such as hard disks and serial ports
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links
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files that point to other files on the filesystem
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sockets
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named pipes connecting processes on two different computers; they can also be represented by files on the filesystem
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FIFO
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FIRST IN FIRST OUT - named pipes are also caled FIFO files / named pipes are temporary connections that send info one one command or process in memory to another
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ls
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lists the specified files in a directory
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cd
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changes the directory
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pwd
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"print working directory" displays the path of the current directory
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touch
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changes the time stamp of a file or creates a new file with a size of 0 bytes
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cat
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view the contents of a file
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less
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view the contents of a file by page / compress files can also be viewed
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head
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view only the first few lines of a file / default 10
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tail
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viewthe last few lines of a file / default is 10 / use -f to see continuous
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mv
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used to move one or more files to another directory
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cp
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copy files and directories
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mkdir
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create a new directory / use -p to create a complete path
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rmdir
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deleted a direcotry or set of directories / directories must be empty first
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rm
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can deleted a single file or delete all files in a directory / using -r option will delete the directory
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ln
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creates a link to reference a file
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KFind
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a program that can be started in Konqueror for find a file
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find
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very powerful finding command / file path criteria action /used often with grep
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locate
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an alternative to 'find -name' / a much faster way of searching because a special database
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whereis
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retruns the binaries -b, manual pages -m, and the source code -s of a specified command
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which
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searches all paths listed in the variable PATH for the specified command and returns the full path of the command
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type
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used find out what kind of command is executed when the command is entered - a shell built-in command or an external command
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grep
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used to search files for certain patterns using the syntax 'grep search_pattern filename'
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regular expression
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strings consisting of metacharacters and literals(regular characters and numerals)
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ark
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lets you collect multiple files or even entire directories into an archieve / used for backing up data / preparing data to be sent via email
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tar
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tape archiver' / most commonly used tool for data backup / uses file name .tar.gz or .tgz
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gzip
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used to compress data / 'gzip options_file'
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gunzip
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decompresses a file compressed with gzip and removes the suffix .gz
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bzip2
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compresses files / usually twenty to thirty perecent smaller than the files compressed with gzip
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bunzip2
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decompresses files compressed with bzip2 and removes the suffix bz2.
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zcat
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decompresses files compressed with gzip and writes them to the standard output / the compressed file is not modified
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cpio
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copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archieve / 3 modes
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rsync
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remote synchronization' - creates copies of complete directories across a network to a different computer
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dd
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converts and copies files byte-wise / 'dd if=/etc/protocols of=protocols.org
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mt
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lets you work with magnetic tapes
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cron
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automate backup from the command line
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crontab
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used to schedule commands using the cron service
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zcat
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used to view the contents of text files that have been compressed with gzip
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