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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Romans conquered Palestine ___ years before Christ was born
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63 years
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Jesus spoke _______ and ______
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Aramaic and Hebrew
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_____ and _____ were the two dominant languages throughout the Roman Empire
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Latin and Greek
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_____ became the language of the New Testament by the time the Catholic Church put the Books of the Bible together
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Greek
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_________ ___ _____ ruled the Macedonian world after his father’s death, King Philip II
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Alexander the Great
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______ __ had conquered Greece
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Philip II
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_________ ___ _____ was 23 years old when he conquered the known world
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander the Great conquered ______, _____, and the ______ ____, along with _____ and _______
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Persia, Egypt, and the Middle East, along with India and Babylon
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Alexander helped to spread the Greek culture and language
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Hellenization
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it would be Greek _____ and __________ that would actually lay a key foundation for early Christianity
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thought and philosophy
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Historians say that the founding of Rome is filled with _____, _______, and ______
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myths, legends, and fables
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One tradition has the city of Rome being founded by twin brothers who were named _______ and _____
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Romulus and Remus
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The mother of Romulus and Remus was ____ ______, and the father was ____, the Roman god of ___
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Rhea Silvia; Mars; War
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_____ _____ surround the city of Rome which sits along the banks of the _____ _____
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Seven hills; Tiber River
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_______ killed his brother _____
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Romulus; Remus
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_______ then founded the city that he named after himself - in Latin, ____
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Romulus; Roma
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the city was first built on the ________ ____
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Palatine Hill
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________ ruled over Rome until they were replaced by a ________, which was established by the _____ ______
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Monarchs; Republic; Roman Senate
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what was once ruled by kings was now governed by the _____ ______, ___ _______, and the __________
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Roman Senate, two Consuls, and the Assemblies
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in times of emergency a ________ would be appointed; his powers would last for only ___ ______
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dictator; six months
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Rome’s chief rival in the Mediterranean was ________, which was located in _____ ______
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Carthage; North Africa
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in a series of wars historians call the _____ ____, the Romans conquered the _____________
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Punic Wars; Carthaginians
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As the Roman Empire grew, the Senate elected _____ _______ to help govern its vast Empire effectively
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Three Consuls
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_____ ______ ______ was one of these Consuls
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Gaius Julius Caesar
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Gaius Julius Caesar was a very popular _______ and _________
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general and statesman
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Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed what historians call the _____ ___________
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First Triumvirate
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Caesar won the civil war, then was declared dictator of the Roman Republic in __ __
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48 BC
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fearing his powers members of the Senate murdered him on the ____ __ _____, which is _____ __
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Ides of March; March 15
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________, Caesar’s adopted son, would now rule over Rome as a member of the ______ ___________ with ____ ______ and ______ _______
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Octavian; Second Triumvirate; Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus
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The Roman Republic was thus transformed into the _____ ______ with Octavian serving as Rome’s first ______
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Roman Empire; Emperor
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Octavian received the Imperial title “________” from the Roman Senate
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Augustus
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________ means noble or sacred or revered
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Augustus
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________ was the Roman Emperor Emperor when Christ was born
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Augustus
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the Romans excelled in _______, ___________, and as ______________
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warfare, engineering and as administrators
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Some of the key Roman gods were _______, ____, ____, _______, _____, ______, _______, and _______
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Jupiter, Juno, Mars, Minerva, Venus, Apollo, Neptune and Bacchus
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_____ ________ were seen as semi-divine and worshiped as gods after their deaths
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Roman Emperors
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________ became an important moral philosophy among Roman intellectuals and philosophers
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Stoicism
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a Stoic was to always be guided by ______ and _____
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reason and logic
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our early Christian writers were influenced by ________
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Stoicism
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on top of the social ladder were the _________ _______
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governing classes
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at the bottom of the social ladder were ______
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slaves
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1 in 4 people were ______ in the Roman Empire
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slaves
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The Hebrews were ____________
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monotheistic
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Jews were forbidden to live in _________; the Romans renamed the city _____ __________
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Jerusalem; Aelia Capitolina
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God’s will is contained in the first ____ _____ of the Jewish Scripture
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Five Books
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the staples of Judaism:
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- they must read and follow the Torah
- sacrificial worship to God in the Temple - Rabbi-led prayer and worship in their synagogues |
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after Moses, ______ led the Hebrews back to their Promised Land
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Joshua
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Jewish nation reached it greatest power under the leadership of its three Kings; ____, _____, and _______
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Saul, David, and Solomon
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Jerusalem became ___ ____ __ _____
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the City of David
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after Solomon the Jewish nation was divided into two sections: ___ _______ __ _____ __ ___ _____ and ___ _______ __ ______ __ __ _____
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the Kingdom of Judah to the South and the Kingdom of Israel to the North
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ater, the Jews would experience a second captivity, this time it would be the ___________
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Babylonians
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he Romans conquered Palestine in __ __ and would later destroy this Temple in __ __
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63 BC; AD 70
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Abraham's call and the covenant with Yahweh
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c.1800 BC
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The Jewish Exodus, led by Moses, Aaron, and Joshua
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c 1250 BC
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The reign of Kings Saul, David, and Solomon
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1047 BC - 931 BC
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The founding of Rome
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April 21, 753 BC
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Alexander the Great conquers the known world of his day
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326 BC
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The writing of the Septuagint
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c.250 BC
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The murder of Julius Caesar in the Roman Senate
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March 15, 44 BC
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The reign of Augustus (Octavian) Caesar
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27 BC - AD 14
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The Jewish revolt against Rome and the destruction of their Temple
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AD 70
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Who helped expand Hellenism to the East?
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Alexander the Great
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According to legend, who founded Rome?
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Two abandoned brother, Romulus and Remus
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When was Rome founded?
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April 21, 753 BC
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How did Rome benefit from the Punic Wars
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Rome acquired Sicily, Spain, and North Africa from the Great Empire of Carthage
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How did Julius Caesar become dictator for life?
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He defeated Gaul and invaded Italy, pressuring the Senate to elect him dictator. He then named himself dictator for life, angering the Senate, which led to his assassination
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Who was "Augustus"? How did he receive that title?
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Augustus was Octavian and he received that name from the Roman Senate
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How did Augustus retain the appearances of a Republic?
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He took on the power of a tribune to represent the commoners, poor freemen, and slaves
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In what different areas did Greek and Roman civilizations excel?
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The Greeks excelled in philosophy and the arts, the Romans excelled in organizations, administration, government, and law
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How did early cults placate their gods and secure protection for their state?
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Their worship ceremonies, called pietas, included public festivals, offerings, and animal sacrifices. They built temples to house statures and materials, but normally held worship activities outside of them
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How did fundamentals of Stoicism appeal to the Romans?
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Stoicism appealed to the Roman sense of order, law, and virtue
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Who led the Jews from captivity?
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Moses
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What happened to the Jews AD 70?
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They scattered (the Diaspora) when the temple was destroyed
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What term describes Jews who do not live in the Holy Land?
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The "Diaspora", Greek for "dispersion"
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