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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the four major parts of the brain |
Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum |
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What three major parts of the brain are part of the subconscious |
Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon |
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What two arteries supply the brain with blood |
Internalcarotid and vertebral |
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What veins return blood from the head to the ♡ |
Internal jugular |
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What prevents unwanted substances from reaching the brain tissue |
The blood brain barrier (bbb) |
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What facilitates the BBB |
Tight junctions between capillary cells and a thick basement membrane by astrocytes |
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What are the two protective coverings of the brain |
Bones of cranium and Meninges |
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What are the three layers of cranial Meninges |
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater |
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What is the superior sinus |
A blood vessel that runs above the brain (contains CSF?) |
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What happens when too much CSF is made? |
Its reabsorbed into the blood vessel and into the sinuses |
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What is Cerebral Spinal Fluid? |
A clear liquid containing Oxygen, glucose, proteins, and ions |
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What are the functions of CSF |
1. Mechanical protection- absorbs shock from the outside 2. Chemical protection- ionic balance 3. Transport- circulates nutrients and rids of waste |
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What type of cell lines the ventricles and secretes CSF |
Ependymal |
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Describe the 4 interconnected ventricles(chambers) |
2 lateral (C with a tail) 1 "third" (weird bird lookin thing) 1 "fourth" (triangle shaped) |
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Where is the cerebral aqueduct located |
Between the 3rd and 4th ventricle |
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What makes up the choroid plexus? |
Ependymal cells and blood vessels |
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What is hydrocephalus |
When ventricles fill with fluid, pushing the brain outward |
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What makes up the brain stem |
Medulla oblongata Pons Midbrain Reticular formation |
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Describe the medulla oblongata |
Just above spinal cord controls ♡ rate and blood flow and basic rhythm of breathing |
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Describe pons |
The "bridge" between all major regions of the brain Controls respiration Origin of cranial nerves 5-8 |
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Another name for mesencephalon |
Midbrain |
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Define midbrain |
The space between pons and diencephalon that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct |
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What are cerebral peduncles |
Rope-like extensions of the midbrain that conduct impulses between midbrain and cerebrum |
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Define tectum |
Roof of the midbrain that contains inferior and superior colliculi |
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What does the inferior colliculi do |
Controls reflex movements of head, neck, trunk in response to auditory stimuli |
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What does the superior colliculi do |
Controls reflex movements of the eye |
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What make up the walls and the floors of the midbrain |
Red nuclei and substantia nigra |
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Where are red nuclei and and substantia nigra located? |
The walls and floors of the midbrain |
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What do substantia nigra do? |
Control subconscious muscle movement and are dopamine releasers |
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What do red nuclei do? |
Coordinate muscle movement |
Red is the color of muscle.... |
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What is the reticular formation |
Small widely dispersed clusters of neuronal cell bodies |
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What does the reticular formation do? |
Helps maintain consciousness when waking from sleep (ascending sound/light rxns) And muscle tone (descending) |
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Describe the cerebellum |
2nd largest part of the brain |
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What structure seperates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres |
Vermis |
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What are the functions of the cerebellum |
Controls and coordinates voluntary muscle movements, postures, balance, language, and precise movement |
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Describe the diencephalon |
Surrounds the 3rd ventricle and includes 4 regions |
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What are the 4 regions of the diencephalon |
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus |
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What is the thalamus |
Relay center for most sensory signals Ex. Sensations, learning, memory, emotions etc. |
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What is the hypothalamus |
Inferior to the thalamus Connected to pituitary gland |
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What are the functions of the hypothalamus |
Controls ans. Produces horomones Regulates emotion and behavior Controls food reflexes and feelings Regulates body temp Control heart rate |
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What is the epithalamus |
Posterior and superior to thalamus Contains pineal glad |
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What is the subthalamus |
Inferior to thalamus Controls body movements |
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What are gyri |
Folds in the brain |
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What are sulci |
Shallow depressions |
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What are fissures |
Deep depressions |
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What seperates the parietal lobe from the frontal |
Central sulcus |
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What seperates the temporal lobe from the frontal |
Lateral sulcus |
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Describe the precentral gyrus |
Contains primary motor area |
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Describe the post central gyrus |
somatosensory area |
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What do basal ganglia do? |
Regulates movements, emotional behavior, and cognitive functions |
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Describe the limbic system |
The emotional center |
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Left hemisphere does what |
Language math science Controls right side |
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Right hemisphere does what |
Controls left side of body Involved in musical and artistic awareness |
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What does the olfactory nerve do |
Senses smell |
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What does the optic nerve do |
Sense of vision |
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What does the oculomotor nerve do |
Controls eyes (muscles 1-4) and constricts the pupil (parasympathetic) |
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What does the trochlear nerve do |
Controls 5th muscle of eye |
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What does the trigeminal nerve do |
Controls chewing and senses the face Largest nerve |
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What does the abducens nerve do |
Controls 6th muscle of eye Moves laterally |
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What does the facial nerve do |
Controls facial exoressions Senses taste buds Glandular response (parasympathetic) |
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What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do |
Senses hearing and balance |
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What does the glossopharangyeal nerve do |
Motor for tongue Sensory for back of tongue Parotid salivary glands (parasympathetic) |
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What does the vagus nerve do |
PARASYMPATHETIC |
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Accesory nerve controls the. .. |
Larynx pharynx soft palate and neck muscles |
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What does the hypoglossal due |
Speech and swallowing as |
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