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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Notochord: |
Dorsal cartilage rod providing support. Located between the gut and nerve cord. Vertebrates notochords became boney and surround the nerve chord. |
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Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord: |
Develops from a section of the embryo rolling into a tube. Unique to chordates. Nerve chords in annelids are ventral and solid. |
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Pharyngeal Slits: |
Found in larval but not all adult forms. Allow water to pass over gills without passing through the digestive tract. Sometimes modified to form gills. |
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Post-anal Tail: |
Basically a tail. |
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Sea Squirts: |
They have all of the four traits in their larval stage. They then lose some of them when they become adults. |
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Lancelets: |
Invertebrate chordate. They look very similar to an embryo. Closest living invertebrate cousin to vertebrates. Filter feeders. |
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Vertebrate Characteristics: |
- Vertebrae surround the nerve chord.
- Cranium enclosing the brain. - Endoskeleton of cartilage or bone. - Closed circulatory system. - Paired appendages. - Respiration through lungs or gills. - Efficient excretion through kidneys. - High degree of cephalization. |
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Jawed Fish: |
Can eat more and larger prey. Can take bites. |
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Cartilaginous Fish: |
Skeletons of cartilage. Sharks, rays, skates. |
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Cartilaginous Fish Senses: |
- Sense of smell. - Lateral line: detects change in pressure on both sides of body. - Can detect electrical currents. |
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Tetrapods: |
Jawed vertebrates that can support their own weight on land. |
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Amphibians: |
Tetrapods that still need water to survive. They need water to breed because they use external fertilization and their eggs are not hard. |
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Amphibian Characteristics: |
- Usually tetrapods. - Three chambered heart. - Respiration occurs through lungs and skin. - Some are poisonous. |
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Amniotes: |
Vertebrates that can reproduce on land. Reptiles, birds, mammals. |
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Amniote Egg Parts: |
- Yolk Sac: Contains nutrients for the embryo. - Allantois: Sac for waste. Membrane with the chorion acts as respiratory system. - Amnion: Protects embryo in fluid filled cavity. Cushions against shock. - Chorion: Part of respiratory system. |
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Reptiles: |
They were the first to live on land. They can do this because they have internal fertilization, amniotic egg, and scales. |
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Birds: |
Adaptations to reduce weight: -Lack teeth. -Reduced tail vertebrae. -Hollow bones. Adaptation to help with flight: -Keel like breast bone for attachment of large breast muscles for flight. -Air foil wing. -Warm blooded with four chambered heart for more active life. |
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Amniote Hearts: |
Fish: Two chambered heart. Blood travels to gill capillaries to body to heart. Amphibian: Three chambered heart. O2 rich and O2 poor blood mix in ventricle. Blood travels to lung capillaries to heart to body to heart. Mammals/Birds: Four chambered heart. Complete separation of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. More efficient. |
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Mammal Characteristics: |
- Mammary glands in females produce milk. - Most are covered in hair, prevents heat loss. - Constant body temperature. - Sweat and sebaceous glands in the skin. - Two sets of teeth that are set in sockets in jaw. - Infant dependency and parental care. - Well-developed brain with very well developed cerebrum for reasoning. - Digits. - Four chambered heart. - Highly developed kidneys. - Terrestrial except for manatees n sh1t. |
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Monotremes: |
Platypus and Echidna. Lay hard shelled eggs and secrete milk (no nipples). |
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Marsupials: |
Australia m8. Give birth to under developed live young that complete their development while nursing in the marsupium. |
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Placental Mammals: |
- Young born fully developed. - Young nourished by well-developed placenta. - Placenta provide nutrients and oxygen, takes away C02 and wastes. |
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Primates: |
- Opposable thumbs. - Nails not claws. - Well developed brain. - Single birth. - Extended parental care. - Learned behavior. |