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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Piaget Stage 1
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(0-2 months) Reflexes
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Piaget Stage 2
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(2-4 months) Adaptation - Primary Circular Reaction: action and response both involve infants own body
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Piaget Stage 3
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(4-8 months) making experience last - Secondary Circular: action gets a response from another person or object, leading to baby repeating action
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Piaget Stage 4
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(8-12 months) goal directed behavior
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Piaget Stage 5
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(12-18 months) Trial and Error - Tritary Circular Reaction
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Piaget Stage 6
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(18-24 months) mental combinations, pretending, immitation
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Schemes
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Children forming ideas in head of how world works
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Assimilation
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Integrating new information into existing schemes
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Accommodation
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modify schemes, doesn't fit (airplane -> bird)
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Sensory Motor Stage
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(0-2 yrs.) 6 Stages
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Learning
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A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experiences
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Neutral Stimulus
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Does not bring about response before conditioning
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Unconditioned Stimulus
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Naturally brings about a response
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Unconditioned Response
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Natural Response
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Conditioned Stimulus
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Previously neutral, paired with UCS to bring response
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Conditioned Response
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Response that follows previous neutral stimulus
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Operant Conditioning
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A voluntary response is more or less likely depending on the consequences
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Reinforcement
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Stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated
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Positive Reinforcement
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The ADDITION of a stimulus INCREASES behavior
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Negative Reinforcement
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The REMOVAL of a stimulus INCREASES behavior
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Punishment
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the addition or removal of a stimulus that DECREASES behavior
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Iconic Memory
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You see
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Ecoin Memory
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You hear
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Sensory Memory
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1/4- 3 seconds
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Short term memory
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working memory - 30 seconds. remember 7 +/- 2 chunks of information
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Long Term Memory
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unlimited capacity, once there it's there forever...sometimes hiding, comes back quickly
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Recall Memory
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ability to retrieve information
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Recognition Memory
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ability to recognize information, more fallible
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Reading 6-8 yrs
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combine whole words and phonics approach
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Descriptive Reading:
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describe objects in story
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Comprehensive Reading
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combine description with real world
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Collaboration Reading
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Encourage child's contribution (best type)
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Artistic Skills 3-4yrs
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shape stage -> design stage
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Artistic Skills 4-5 yrs
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pictorial stage
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Math skills: Ordinality
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12-18mths, less, larger, smaller
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Math Skills: Counting
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3 yr old to # 10
5 yr old to # 20 |
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Math Skills: Fractions
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7-8yrs simple fractions
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Math Skills: Cardinality
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Counting up means that last number said is the number of things
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Reductionism
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Breaking up a phenomenon into separate parts to such an extent that the meaning and coherence of the phenomenon as a whole becomes lost
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Computer analogy-
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Computers have no capacity for self reflection, no awareness of how their cognitive processes are integrated, organized and monitored - which leaves the analogy insufficient and inadequate
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Fluid intelligence
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applied to novel problems and relatively independent of education
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Crystallized intelligence
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accumulation of information, skills, and strategies
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Triarchic Theory: Analytical
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IQ tests
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Triarchic Theory: creative
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application and creativity
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Triarchic Theory: Practical
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"street smarts", common sense
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Emotional intelligence
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ability to accurately assess emotions (to get along with others)
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Intelligence Assessment: Galton
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Intelligence based on head size
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Intelligence Assessment: Binet
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intelligence quotient; 1st intelligence test to help those children in need
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Stanford Binet IQ test
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established norms, use IQ test to compare individuals
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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contains both a verbal and a performace scale
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Group IQ tests
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paper and pencil test to ease administration
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Creativity
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ability to see situations in a new way - divergent thinking
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