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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 Themes of Child Development |
Nature/Nurture The Active Child Continuity and Discontinuity The Sociocultural Context Individual Differences |
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Nature/Nurture |
Interaction of what you're born with and what you experience |
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The Active Child |
Are children passive or do they shape their own development? |
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Continuity and Discontinuity |
Discontinuity = Focus on drastic changes, big differences between toddler, five year old, and eight year old Continuity = focus on gradual changes, individual skill development, domain-specific approach |
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Sociocultural Context |
Physical, social, cultural, economic, and historical circumstances |
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Individual Differences |
How do children differ - shy vs. bold, cries a lot vs. smiles a lot, reads fast vs. reads slow |
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Goals of Scientific Method |
Describe, Explain and Predict Behavior |
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Four Basic Steps of Scientific Method |
Choose a question to be answered Formulate a hypothesis Develop a method for testing Use the data to draw conclusions |
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Three Research methods |
Self-Reports Reports by others Observations |
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Report By Others |
People who know the children well (parents, siblings) or pro based on several observations Con - unreliable reports of child rearing practices |
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Researcher Observations |
Structured observations, record behavior, make comparisons, establish generality of behaviors pro - most control con - does not capture subjective experiences and not natural |
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Stages of prenatal development |
Germinal period (0-2 weeks) Embryonic Period (2-8 weeks) Fetal Period (8 weeks - birth) |
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Teratogens |
Any environmental agent that causes a birth defect |
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Genotype |
A particular set of genes a person inherits from his or her parents |
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Phenotype |
The visible expression of the genotype |
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Ovum |
Largest human cell, the female germ cell (egg) (where genes come from) |
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Required Competencies of Language |
Phonological Development Semantic Development Syntactic Development Pragmatic Development |
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Phonlogical Development |
the acquisition of knowledge about phonemes (smallest sound units of a lnaguage |
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Semantic Development |
learning the system for expressing meaning in language |
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Syntactic Development |
learning syntax or rules for coming words |
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Pragmatic Development |
acquiring knowledge of how language is used |
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Preverbal Communication |
(Language Acquisition) parent and baby face to face "dialogues", using a gesture to call an object to someones attention |
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Speech perception and understanding |
(Language Acquisition) right from birth infants are sensitive to the sounds of language, prefer human language sounds |
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Speech production |
cooing, babbling, one word stage (holophrase) - 12 months with over and under extension |
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Theoretical views of language development |
Nativist, ineractionist, connectionist |