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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
alkali metals
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Elements of Group 1A (1) except hydrogen; these are soft, shiny metals with one outer shell electron.
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alkaline earth metals
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Group 2A (2) elements, which have 2 electrons in their outer shell.
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atom
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The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element.
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atomic mass
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The weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
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atomic mass unit (amu)
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A small mass unit used to describe the mass of very small particles such as atoms and subatomic particles; 1 is equal to one-twelfth the mass of a ¹²C atom.
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atomic number
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A number that is equal to the number of protons in an atom.
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atomic spectrum
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A series of lines specific for each element produced by photons emitted by electrons dropping to lower energy levels.
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atomic symbol
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An abbreviation used to indicated the mass number and atomic number of an isotope.
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chemical symbol
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An abbreviation that represents the name of an element.
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compound
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A pure substance consisting of two or more elements, with a definite composition, that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.
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d block elements
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The block ten-elements wide in Groups 3B (3) to 2B (12) in which electrons fill the five d orbitals in d sublevels.
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electron
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A negatively charged subatomic particle having a very small mass that is usually ignored in mass calculations; its symbol is e-.
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electron configuration
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A list of the number of electrons in each sublevel within an atom, arranged by increasing energy.
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electron-dot symbol
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The representation of an atom that shows valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the element.
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element
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A pure substance that cannot be separated into any simpler substances by chemical methods.
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f block elements
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The block 14-elements wide in the rows at the bottom of the periodic table in which electrons fill the seven f orbitals in 4f and 5f sublevels.
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group
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A vertical column in the periodic table that contains elements having similar physical and chemical properties.
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halogen
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Group 7A (17) elements of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
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ionization energy
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The energy needed to remove the least tightly bound electron from the outermost energy level of an atom.
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isotope
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An atom that differs only in mass number from another atom of the same elemet. They have the same atomic number (number of protons) but different numbers of neutrons.
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mass number
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The total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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matter
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anything that has mass and occupies space.
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metal
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An element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. These are located to the left of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
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metalloid
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Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the heavy zigzag line on the periodic table.
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mixture
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The physical combination of two or more substances that does not change the identies of the mixed substances.
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Neutron
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A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom; its symbol is n or n^0.
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noble gas
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An element in Group 8A (18) of the periodic table, generally unreactive and seldom found in combination with other elements.
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nonmetal
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An element with little or no luster that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. These are located to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
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nucleus
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The compact, very dense center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons of the atom.
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orbital
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The region around the nucleus where electrons of a certain energy are more likely to be found. The s's are spherical; the p's have two lobes.
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orbital diagram
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A diagram that shows the distribution of electrons in the orbitals of the energy levels.
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p block elements
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The elements in Groups A 13) to 8A (18) in which electrons fill the p orbitals in the p sublevels.
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period
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A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
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periodic table
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An arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical behavior are grouped in vertical columns.
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proton
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A positively charged subatomic particle having a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom; its symbol is p or p+.
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pure substance`
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A type of matter with a fixed composition: elements and compounds.
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s block elements
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The elements in Groups 1a (1) and 2A (2) in which electrons fill the s orbitals.
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Subatomic particle
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A particle within an atom; protons, neutrons, and electrons are examples of these type of particles.
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sublevel
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A group of orbitals of equal energy within principal energy levels. The number of sublevels in each energy level is the same as the principal quantum number (n).
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valence electrons
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Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
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