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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absolute Zero
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Lowest Temperature that is theorectically possible (0 K, 273.15 C, -459.67 F)
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alkali metals
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Group 1A of the periodic table. (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium) Very reactive.
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alkaline metals
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Group 2A (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
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anion
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negatively charged atoms
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atom
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basic unit of a chemical element
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atomic mass
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mass of an atom of a chemical element. Equivalent to the number of protons + neutrons in an element.
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atomic number
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number of protons in a nucleus, which determines the chemical properties of an element.
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Bohr model
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arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of the atoms.
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cation
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positively charged atom
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Celsius scale
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scale of temperature which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100.
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chemical change
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atoms/molecules are rearranged to produce different substances.
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chemical property
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change of the chemical nature of matter
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density
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mass per unity volume. (D=M/V, M=DxV, V=M/D)
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element
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building blocks of matter
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endothermic
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absorbs energy
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energy levels
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fixed amount of energy that a molecule, atom, electron or nucleus can have.
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entropy
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unavailability of a systems thermal energy for conversion into work; randomness in a system.
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exothermic
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heat is given off
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gas
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atoms/molecules are far distance apart, does not maintain shape or volume.
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gram
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metric unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a kilogram
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halogens
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reactive nonmetallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen
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heterogeneous mixture
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distinct layers
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homogeneous
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parts of all the same kind, uniform throughout.
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ion
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positively or negatively charged atoms
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isotope
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atoms of an element can vary in the number of neutrons
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kelvin
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absolute temperature scale
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1st law of thermodynamics
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Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. Energy is converted into useless forms: heat.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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a chemical reaction is spontaneous when it increases the entropy of the universe.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
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atoms/molecules cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
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Law of Constant Composition
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a compound that is a pure substance contains the same elements in always the same exact proportions
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Law of Definite Proportions
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two or more elements may combine in a specific ratio to form a compound, the ratio never changes.
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Law of Multiple proportions
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two or more elements may combine in more than one proportion to form several different compounds. The starting reactants remain the same, the ratio will change.
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Liquid
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atoms/molecules that slip and slide over one another. Maintains volume, not shape.
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