Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anything that has mass and occupies space
|
matter
|
|
characteristic that helps to distinguish a type of matter
|
property
|
|
how many basic elements?
|
100
|
|
building blocks of matter
|
atoms
|
|
properties of matter are dependent on (2 things)
|
1. kinds of atoms (composition
2. arrangement of atoms (structure) |
|
atoms combine to form
|
molecules
|
|
gas, liquid, solid
|
states of matter
|
|
has no fixed volume or shape, compressible
|
gas aka vapor
|
|
has distinct volume no distinct shape, cannot be compressed
|
liquid
|
|
definite shape and volume, cannot be compressed
|
solid
|
|
describe gas molecules
|
far apart and move at high speeds, constantly colliding
|
|
describe liquid molecules
|
packed closely together but still move at hi-speeds and they can slide over each other
|
|
describe solid molecules
|
held in definite arrangements in which molecules can move slightly
|
|
matter that does not vary in composition from sample to sample
|
pure substance aka substance, ex. H20 and NaCl
|
|
___&____ are both pure substances
|
elements and compounds
|
|
cannot be decomposed into a simple substance, made up of one type of atom
|
element
|
|
substance composed of 2 or mor elements
|
compounds
|
|
combinations of 2 or more substances with its own chemical identity
|
mixture
|
|
elements known
|
117
|
|
all pure substances are each made up of the same elements
|
law of constant composition/definite proportions
|
|
substances that make up a mixture
|
components
|
|
mixture that may vary in appearance or texture such as wood and rocks
|
heterogenous mixture
|
|
mixtures that are uniform throughout ex. air
|
homogenous mixtures aka solutions
|
|
property that can be observed without changing identity or composition ex. color, boiling point, hardness
|
physical
|
|
property that describes the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances
|
chemical
|
|
do not depend on sample amount ex. temp, density, melting point
|
intensive property
|
|
depends on amount of substance ex. mass, volume
|
extensive property
|
|
same substance remains before and after reaction ex. change of state
|
physical change
|
|
substance transferred into a different substance
|
chemical change
|
|
3 methods of separating mixtures into components
|
filtration, distillation, chromatography
|
|
substance passes through selective barrier
|
filtration
|
|
process that depends on different substances abilities to form gas
|
distillation
|
|
separation of ink
|
chromatography
|
|
SI Units:
mass, length, time, temp, amount of substance, electric current, luminous intensity |
kg, m, s, K, mol, Ampere (A), candela (cd)
|
|
K=
|
C plus 273.15
|
|
C =
|
5/9(F-32)
|
|
property of matter used to characterize amount of mass in a unit of volume
|
density
|
|
2 types of numbers in science
|
exact and inexact
|
|
measurements are always what kind of numbers?
|
inexact
|
|
measure of how closely individuals measurements are with each other
|
precision
|
|
how closely individual measures agree with the true value
|
accuracy
|
|
precision of measurements expressed in terms of variation from the average
|
standrad deviation
|
|
sigfigs in add/sub
|
measurement with fewest decimal places
|
|
sigfigs in mult/div
|
measurement with fewest sigfigs
|
|
in any given compound, numbers and types of atoms are constant
|
law of constant composition
|
|
mass of substance is constant before and after chemical reaction
|
law of conservation of mass
|
|
elements combine to form compound sin small whole number amounts
|
law of multiple proportions
|
|
atoms are composed of
|
subatomic particles
|
|
cathode ray (radiation) gives rise to
|
electrons
|
|
electron mass
|
9.1 x 10^-28
|
|
how closely individual measures agree with the true value
|
accuracy
|
|
precision of measurements expressed in terms of variation from the average
|
standrad deviation
|
|
sigfigs in add/sub
|
measurement with fewest decimal places
|
|
sigfigs in mult/div
|
measurement with fewest sigfigs
|
|
in any given compound, numbers and types of atoms are constant
|
law of constant composition
|
|
mass of substance is constant before and after chemical reaction
|
law of conservation of mass
|
|
elements combine to form compound sin small whole number amounts
|
law of multiple proportions
|
|
atoms are composed of
|
subatomic particles
|
|
cathode ray (radiation) gives rise to
|
electrons
|
|
electron mass
|
9.1 x 10^-28
|
|
spontaneous emission of radiation
|
radioactivity
|
|
3 types of radiation
|
alpha, beta, gamma
|
|
describe alpha and beta radiation
|
alpha and beta radiation are bent by electrical fields, yet gamma is unaffected. alpha has a postive charge 2 plus while beta are negative 2
|
|
gamma radiation
|
relates to x-rays
|
|
why don't atoms have an electrical charge?
|
every atom has the same number of protons and electrons
|
|
1.66504 x 10^-24 g =
|
1amu
|
|
number of protons in nucleus
|
atomic number
|
|
same atomic number but different mass number
|
isotopes
|
|
in periodic table how elements arranged
|
in increasing atomic number
|
|
hotizontal rows of p.t
|
period
|
|
vertical columns in p.t
|
groups
|
|
all elements on left side and middle of table are
|
metallic elements
|
|
luster, high conductivity, all are solid at room temperatures except Hg
|
metallic elements
|
|
elements that lie along the the line that separates metals and nonmetals
|
metalloids
|
|
molecues that exist as 2 atoms
|
diatomic molecules
|
|
the 8 diatomic molecules
|
H, O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, At
|
|
vertical columns in p.t
|
groups
|
|
compounds composed of molecules that contain more than one atom
|
molecular compounds
|
|
nucleus of atom is
|
unchanged
|
|
all elements on left side and middle of table are
|
metallic elements
|
|
once an atom gains/loses electrons it becomes an
|
ion
|
|
luster, high conductivity, all are solid at room temperatures except Hg
|
metallic elements
|
|
positively charged ion
|
cation
|
|
elements that lie along the the line that separates metals and nonmetals
|
metalloids
|
|
molecues that exist as 2 atoms
|
diatomic molecules
|
|
the 8 diatomic molecules
|
H, O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, At
|
|
compounds composed of molecules that contain more than one atom
|
molecular compounds
|
|
nucleus of atom is
|
unchanged
|
|
once an atom gains/loses electrons it becomes an
|
ion
|
|
positively charged ion
|
cation
|
|
positively charged ion
|
cation
|
|
negatively charged ion
|
anion
|
|
compound that contains positive and negatively charged ions, metal + nonmetal
|
ionic compounds
|
|
compounds composed of molecules that contain more than 1 type of atom; nonmetals only
|
molecular compounds
|