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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what metal cations were explored (5)
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Cu2+
Ni2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ |
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paper chromatography was used to investigate the mobility of the metal cations as a function of
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acidity
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what industries rely on the processing of metals (4)
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producing building materials, custom chemicals, fertilizers, and electronic equipment
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the result of industries' reliance on metals?
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high concentrations of pollutant metals
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metals and metal-containing compounds are not biodegradable and therefore
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accumulate in soils
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most pollutant metal originates as
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airborne materials
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with the exception of ______, which has a high vapor pressure, heavy metals are not particularly toxic in their elemental form
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mercury
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metals can be harmful to plants an animals in
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the cationic state
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when introduced into an organism, foreign metals such as (3) may displace essential cations from their binding sites or find an unintended binding site within a biomolecule
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Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+
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what largely determines the bioavailablility of a metal
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local soil conditions
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a metal may precipitate or become mobile depending on (3)
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pH
presence of other ions organic matter |
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_____ metals can work their way into drinking water and up the food chain
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labile
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bioavailable metals are
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mobile
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compounds containing ________ are often brightly colored
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first row transition metals
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________ exhibits a wide range of colors in both solids and solution
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chromium
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the colors exhibited by the transition metal compounds are a result of
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their electronic structure
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what is directly related to the observed colors
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the arrangement or splitting of the five 3d atomic orbitals
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what determines electronic structuer
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the local environment of a transition metal in a compound
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transition metal cations tend to form coordination complexes in which the metal is bonded to molecules or ions called
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ligands
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ligands are lewis bases, molecules, or ions that are capable of
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donating a lone pair of electrons to a metal cation
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transition metal complexes may be
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neutral or carry a charge
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coordination number
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the number of ligands surrounding a particular metal center
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most common coordination numbers
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6 and 4
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a coordination number of 6 yeilds
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ocatahedral giomentry
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a coordination number of 4 yields
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tetrahedral or square planar geometry
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a single transition metal cation may adopt
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several different geometries in solution
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what two factors can effect electronic structure and color
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coordination geometry
identity of ligand |
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for first row transition metal complexes, the highest occupied molecular orbitals are those of the
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3d orbitals on the central metal cation
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the d orbitals in a free metal ion are all
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degenerate (have the same energy)
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the d orbitals of a metal in a complex are
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split according to the coordination geometry
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what is responsible for the observed splitting of d orbitals
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the interaction of electrons in ligand orbitals with those in the d orbitals on the transition metal
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the size of the energy gap between the two highest energy sets of d orbitals (delta) is determined by
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the type of ligands surrounding the transition metal
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the size of delta for an octahedral complex is usually ____ than the deltas of tetrahedral complexes
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larger
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ligands like CN- which produce large deltas are known as
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strong field ligands
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smaller deltas are characteristic of
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weak field ligands ilke I-
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relative ligand field strengths can be preducted by looking at a
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spectrochemical series
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delta increases with increasing
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oxidatino state
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the complex will appear colored if delta lies within
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the visible range
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red
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620 nm-750 nm
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orange
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590 nm-620 nm
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yellow
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570 nm-590 nm
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green
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495 nm-570 nm
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blue
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450 nm-495 nm
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violet
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380 nm-450 nm
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the color associated w/ many transition metal complexes is due to
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d to d electronic transitions
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