Chapters 11 And 12 Exam

Front 1

sensory receptors

Back 1

endings of neurons or specialized cells that detect stimuli including temp, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odor

Front 2

nerve

Back 2

a bundle of axons that connect CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands

Front 3

how many pairs of cranial nerves

Back 3

12

Front 4

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Back 4

31

Front 5

ganglion

Back 5

collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

Front 6

plexus

Back 6

extensive network of axons, and sometimes neuron cell bodies, located outside CNS

Front 7

sensory (afferent)

Back 7

transmits action potentials from receptors to CNS

Front 8

motor (efferent)

Back 8

transmits action potentials from CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)

Front 9

synapse

Back 9

junction of a nerve cell with other cells

Front 10

somatic nervous system

Back 10

from CNS to skeletal muscles

Front 11

autonomic nervous system

Back 11

from CNS to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and certain glands

Front 12

sympathetic

Back 12

prepares body for physical activity

Front 13

parasympathetic

Back 13

regulates resting or vegetative functions such as digesting food or emptying of the urinary bladder

Front 14

enteric

Back 14

plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract

Front 15

multipolar

Back 15

most neurons in the CNS; motor neurons

Front 16

bipolar

Back 16

sensory in retina of the eye and nose

Front 17

pseudo-unipolar

Back 17

single process that divides into two branches. the part that extends to the periphery has dendrite-like sensory receptors.

Front 18

neuroglia

Back 18

cells of the nervous system that support and protect neurons

Front 19

neurons

Back 19

cells of the nervous system that receive stimuli and transmit action potential

Front 20

microglia

Back 20

specialized macrophages

Front 21

oligodendrocytes

Back 21

form myelin sheaths

Front 22

schwann cells

Back 22

wrap around portion of only 1 axon to form the myelin sheath

Front 23

satellite cells

Back 23

surround neuron cell bodies in sensory ganglia, provide support and nutrients

Front 24

choroid plexus

Back 24

secrete cerebrospinal fluid

Front 25

nodes of Ranvier

Back 25

gaps between the myelin sheaths

Front 26

unmyelinated axons

Back 26

myelin is not wrapped around the axons

Front 27

gray matter

Back 27

unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites

Front 28

white matter

Back 28

myelinated axons, nerve tracts propagate action potentials

Front 29

depolarization

Back 29

the inside of the cell is more positive

Front 30

repolarization

Back 30

the inside of the cell is more negative

Front 31

all or none principle

Back 31

no matter who strong the stimulus, as long as its greater than threshold, then action potential will occur.

Front 32

axoaxonic synapses

Back 32

axon of one neuron synapses with the presynaptic terminal of another

Front 33

presynaptic inhibition

Back 33

reduction in the amount of neurotransmitter released from presynaptic terminal increases

Front 34

presynaptic facilitation

Back 34

amount of neurotransmitter released from presynaptic terminal increases

Front 35

convergent pathways

Back 35

many converge and synapse with smaller number of neurons

Front 36

divergent pathways

Back 36

small number of presynaptic neurons synapse with large number of postsynaptic neurons

Front 37

pia mater

Back 37

bound tightly to surface of brain and spinal cord. (most inside layer)

Front 38

arachnoid mater

Back 38

middle layer of connective tissue of spinal cord

Front 39

dura mater

Back 39

outside layer of connective tissue of spinal cord

Front 40

epidural

Back 40

the space between dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal

Front 41

subdural

Back 41

space that contains serous fluid

Front 42

subarachnoid

Back 42

space that contains CSF

Front 43

cervical enlargement

Back 43

supplies upper limbs

Front 44

lumbar enlargement

Back 44

supplies lower limbs

Front 45

conus medullaris

Back 45

tapered inferior end

Front 46

cauda equina

Back 46

origins of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullarus

Front 47

commissures

Back 47

connections between left and right halves

Front 48

dorsal root ganglion

Back 48

collection of cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons forming dorsal roots

Front 49

dorsal rami

Back 49

supply deep muscles of the trunk and skin near the midline of the back (each spinal nerve has one)

Front 50

ventral rami

Back 50

what they supply depends upon which part of the spinal cord is considered (each spinal nerve has one)

Front 51

C1-C4

Back 51

cervical plexus

Front 52

C5-T1

Back 52

brachial plexus

Front 53

L1-S4

Back 53

lumbosacral plexus

Front 54

S5 and Co

Back 54

coccygeal plexus

Front 55

communicating rami

Back 55

carry axons associated with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Front 56

how many pairs of cervical nerves?

Back 56

8

Front 57

how many pairs of thoracic nerves?

Back 57

12

Front 58

how many pairs of lumbar nerves?

Back 58

5

Front 59

how many pairs of sacral nerves?

Back 59

5

Front 60

how many pairs of coccygeal nerves

Back 60

1

Front 61

dermatomal map

Back 61

shows the skin area supplied with sensory innervation by spinal nerves

Front 62

what plexus is the axillary nerve from?

Back 62

brachial

Front 63

what plexus is the radial nerve from?

Back 63

brachial

Front 64

what plexus is the median nerve from?

Back 64

brachial

Front 65

what plexus is the musculocutaneous nerve from?

Back 65

brachial

Front 66

what plexus is the ulnar nerve from?

Back 66

brachial nerve

Front 67

what plexus is the tibial nerve from?

Back 67

lumbosacral

Front 68

what plexus is the obturator nerve from?

Back 68

lumbosacral

Front 69

what plexus is the common fibular nerve from?

Back 69

lumbosacral

Front 70

what plexus is the femoral nerve from?

Back 70

femoral