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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cognitive Factors |
Personal mindset, personal expectations, thoughts and beliefs about oneself |
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Emotional Factors |
happiness, fear, love, anger, success, accomplishment |
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Primary Drives |
needed for survival (food, love, sex) |
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Secondary Drives |
learned drives that represent biological needs (money, praise) |
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Drive (Reduction) Theory |
we are motivated to stay in homeostasis and control biological factors |
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Incentive Theory |
we are motivated by external goals |
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Evolutionary Theory |
based on natural selection and reproductive capacity (mate selection) |
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Instinct Theory |
automatic involuntary and unlearned behaviors |
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Arousal Theory |
people are motivated to maintain their optimal level of arousal |
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Lateral Hypothalamus |
feeding center "ON" switch |
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Ventromedial Hypothalamus/Nucleus |
Satiety center, "OFF" switch |
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Satiety |
feeling of fullness |
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Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) |
controls the selection of specific foods and blood sugar levels |
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Glucose |
low levels cause irritability, shakiness, and hunger |
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Insulin |
secreted by the pancreas, reduces appetite |
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Ghrelin |
released by empty stomach, promotes feelings of hunger |
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CCK |
delivers satiety signals to the brain, resulting in decreased hunger |
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Leptin |
Produced by fat cells, controls the long term regulation of hunger, high=fat storage and less hunger |
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Palatability |
the better the food tastes, the more you eat |
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Body Mass Index (BMI) |
kilograms/meters squared |
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sensitivity to external cues |
obese people are extrasensitive to external clues that effect hunger and not very sensitive to internal physiological hunger cues |
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Set Point Theory |
natural point in stability for body weight |
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Intrinsic Motivation |
desire to attain internal satisfaction |
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Extrinsic Motivation |
desire to attain external rewards |
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Appraisal |
person's interpretation of a situation |
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Affective Forecasting |
effort to predict one's emotional reactions to future events |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
sympathetic - the reaction parasympathetic - calms back down |
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Limbic System |
center for emotion, contains the amygdala |
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Prefrontal Cortex |
voluntary controls of emotion and understanding emotions |
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Mirror Neurons |
play a role in empathy |
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Right Hemisphere |
the more emotional side of the brain |
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Pyramidal Motor System |
voluntary muscle movement (fake smile) |
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Extrapyramidal Motor System |
involuntary muscle movement (genuine smile) |
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Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
facial muscles send signals to the brain in order to recognize what emotion one is feeling |
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Social Referencing |
looking to others to guide emotional reactions |
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James-Lange Theory |
the experience of emotion depends on your emotional responses, different patterns of activation are seen as different emotions by the brain stimulus -> physical response ->emotion |
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Cannon-Bard Theory |
emotion occurs when the thalamus sends signals SIMULTANEOUSLY to the cortex and ANS stimulus -> brain(cortex) ->emotion and physical response (at the same time) |
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Schachter's Two-Factor Theory Schachter-Singer Theory |
emotion depends on the interpretation of physical responses |
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Eustress |
good stress |
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Primary Appraisal |
Does it impact me? How much so? |
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Secondary Appraisal |
How am I going to deal with it? |
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Acute Stressors |
short in duration, have a clear endpoint |
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Chronic Stressors |
long term with no clear end in sight |
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Approach-Approach |
a choice must be made between two desirable options |
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Avoidance-Avoidance |
a choice must be made between two undesirable options |
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Approach-Avoidance |
a decision must be made whether or not to pursue a single goal that has attractive and unattractive qualities |
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Multiple Approach-Avoidance |
a choice must be made between two or more options with each having pros and cons |
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Life Change Unit |
the value of the stressor |
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Social Readjustment Rating Scale |
stress score = sum of LCU's (whose values are predetermined)... high LCU = high stress |
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Life Experiences Survey |
adds the opportunity to give personal value to LCU's and the ability to add additional stressors to the list |
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Effects of Emotional Arousal Yerkes-Dodson Law |
looks at the relationship between emotional reaction to a stressor and the ability to cope with the stress, amount of arousal needed/beneficial (depends on task) |
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) (Hans Selye) |
alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
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Phase 1: Alarm Reaction |
short lived, fight or flight, sympathetic system working hard |
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Phase 2: Resistance |
provides energy to fight the stressor |
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Phase 3: Exhaustion |
depletion of energy, more likely to get sick |
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Brain-Body Pathways |
controlled by hypothalamus and endocrine system |
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Catecholamines |
part of ANS response |
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Corticosteroids |
part of the endocrine system, help protect your body from stress |
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Ruminative Thinking |
continual interruption of thoughts, can't get the stressor out of your head |
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Catastrophizing |
over-exaggerate the potential consequences of a stressor |
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Burnout |
physical and emotional exhaustion caused by chronic stress |
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Resilience |
to bounce back from difficulties successfully |
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Type A Personality |
experience more stress, prone to stress related health problems, strong, competitive, ambitious, perfectionist, time-consciouss |
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Type B Personality |
still value success just not as observably, they go about getting it differently, relaxed, patient, easygoing |
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Leukocytes |
white blood cells, defend the body against disease and foreign material, elevated when you are sick |
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B-Cells |
formed in the bone marrow, mark foreign and initiate inactivation |
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T-Cells |
formed in the thymus, produce antibodies that destroy marked cells |
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Natural Killer Cells |
antitumor and anti-viral, act on their own to both mark and kill cells |
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Macrophages |
engulf and digest foreign material (process called phagocytosis) the clean up crew / pacman |
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Problem-Focused Coping |
dealing with the stressor at its source |
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Emotion-Focused Coping |
focus on the response (keep your mind off of it) |
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Cognitive Restructuring |
you will experience less stress if you change your interpretation of the stressor |
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Emotional Coping Strategies |
gaining social support |
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Behavioral Coping Strategies |
changing one's behavior to minimize the negative effects of the stressor |
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Physical Coping Strategies |
exercise, meditation, progressive relaxation, medicine |