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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the only gram (-) coccus?
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Neisseria
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List the gram (-) enterics?
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E.coli
Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Klebsiella Campylobacter Helicobacter Proteus Enterobacter Serratia Vibrio Pseudomonas Bacteroides fragiles |
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Name the gram (-) spirochetes?
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Treponema
Borrelia Leptospira |
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What are the 6 classic gram (+) bugs? Categorize them?
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Cocci - Streptococci, Staphylococci
Spore-producing rods - Clostridium, Bacillus Non-spore forming rods - Corynebacterium, Listeria |
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List the groups of gram (-) bugs, citing examples?
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Cocci (Neisseria), Spirochetes (Treponema), Rods, Pleomorphic
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What are the three groups of bacteria that can't be distinguished by gram stain?
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Mycobacteria (acid-fast), spirochetes (darkfield microscopy), mycoplasma (no cell wall)
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What is catalase?
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Bacterial enzyme that breaks down H2O2
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What are microaerophilic bacteria?
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Bacteria that use fermentation and have no electron transport system, but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen b/c they have superoxide dismutase (similar to catalase)
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What are obligate intracellular organisms?
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Organisms not capable of the metabolic pathways for ATP synthesis and thus must steal ATP from their host
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List examples of bacteria that have pili and how they are used for adhesion?
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Nesseria gonorrhea (cervical cell binding), E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni (bind to intestinal epithelium), Bordetella pertussis (bind to ciliated respiratory cells)
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How can doctors visualize capsules?
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India ink stain, Quellung reaction
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Which genera of bacteria form endospores? Are they aerobic or anaerobic?
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aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium (both gram +)
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Describe facultative intracellular organisms?
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Bacteria that are phagocytosed by macs or neuts yet survive by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion
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Which bacteria release exotoxins?
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All the major gram (+) genera except Listeria (which produces endotoxin)
Gram (-): Vibrio cholera, E.coli, others |
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Describe food poisoning?
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Bacteria grow and release enterotoxin in food - diarrhea and vomiting results from ingestion of enterotoxin, but usually lasts for <24 hours. Eg. Bacillus cereus and Staph aureus
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Define sepsis?
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Bacteremia that causes a systemic immune response to the infection
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Define septic shock? Aka?
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Sepsis that results in dangerous drops in BP and organ dysfunction. Aka endotoxic shock - endotoxin is often, though not always, the precipitating trigger of the immune response that results in septic shock
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