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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anaphylaxis |
Exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to apreviously encountered antigen ana-: against; up; back -phylaxis: protection |
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antibody |
Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response tothe presence of a foreign substance called an antigen, whichthe immune system regards as harmful to the host |
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antigen |
Substance that is recognized as harmful to the host and stimulatesthe formation of antibodies in an immunocompetentindividual |
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cellular immunity |
Acquired specific resistance, mediated by T cells, thatproduces reactive substances or directly exerts a cytotoxiceffect on a cell that is identified as harmful |
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host |
Organism in or on which another, usually parasitic, organismis nourished and harbored |
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humoral immunity |
Acquired specific resistance, mediated by B cells, thatproduces antibodies that bind to and dispose of antigens |
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immunocompetent |
Able to develop an immune response; able to recognize antigensand respond to them |
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immunopathology |
Study of disease states associated with overreactivity orunderreactivity of the immune response immun/o: immune, immunity, safe path/o: disease -logy: study of |
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opportunistic infection |
Infection occurring in a person with a weakened immunesystem and caused by a microorganism that, under normalconditions, would not bring about disease |
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palliative treatment |
Treatment that provides relief, but not a cure |
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serum |
Liquid portion of blood that remains after the removal offibrinogen |
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aden/o |
gland |
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agglutin/o |
clumping, gluing |
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bas/o |
base (alkaline,opposite of acid) |
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blast/o |
embryonic cell |
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chrom/o |
color |
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eosin/o |
dawn (rose-colored) |
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erythr/o |
red |
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granul/o |
granule |
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hem/o hemat/o |
blood |
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immun/o |
immune, immunity,safe |
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kary/o nucle/o |
nucleus |
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leuk/o |
white |
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lymphaden/o |
lymph gland (node) |
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lymph/o |
lymph |
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lymphangi/o |
lymph vessel |
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morph/o |
form, shape, structure |
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myel/o |
bone marrow, spinalcord |
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neutr/o |
neutral, neither |
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phag/o |
swallowing, eating |
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plas/o |
formation, growth |
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poikil/o |
varied, irregular |
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reticul/o |
net, mesh |
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sider/o |
iron |
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ser/o |
serum |
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splen/o |
spleen |
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thromb/o |
blood clot |
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thym/o |
thymus gland |
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xen/o |
foreign, strange |
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-blast |
embryonic cell |
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-emia |
blood condition |
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-globin |
protein |
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-graft |
transplantation |
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-osis |
abnormal condition;increase (used primarilywith blood cells) |
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-penia |
decrease, deficiency |
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-phil |
attraction for |
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-phoresis |
carrying, transmission |
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-phylaxis |
protection |
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-poiesis |
formation, production |
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-stasis |
standing still |
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a- |
without, not |
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allo |
other, differing fromthe normal |
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aniso- |
unequal, dissimilar |
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iso- |
same, equal |
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macro- |
large |
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micro- |
small |
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mono- |
one |
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poly- |
many, much |
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anisocytosis |
Condition of marked variation in the size of erythrocytes, whenobserved on a blood smear an-: without, not iso-: same, equal cyt: cell -osis: abnormal condition,increase (used primarilywith blood cells) |
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ascites |
Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or pleural cavity |
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bacteremia |
Presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream, andconsidered as “travelers” rather than a blood infection bacter: bacteria-emia: blood condition |
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graft rejection |
Recipient’s immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissueresulting in its distruction |
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graft-versus-hostreaction (GVHR) |
Condition that occurs following bone marrow transplants where theimmune cells in the transplanted marrow produce antibodies againstthe host’s tissues |
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hematoma |
Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space,or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel hemat: blood -oma: tumor |
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hemoglobinopathy |
Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule hem/o: blood globin/o: protein -pathy: disease |
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hemolysis |
Destruction of RBCs with a release of hemoglobin that diffuses intothe surrounding fluid hem/o: blood -lysis: separation; destruction;loosening |
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hemostasis |
Arrest of bleeding or circulation hem/o: blood-stasis: standing still |
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immunity |
State of being protected against infectious diseases |
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active immunity |
Immunity developed as a consequence of exposure to an antigen andthe subsequent development of antibodies |
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passive immunity |
Immunity in which antibodies or other immune substances formed inone individual are transferred to another individual to provide immediate,temporary immunity |
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lymphadenopathy |
Any disease of the lymph nodes lymph: lymph aden/o: gland -pathy: disease |
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lymphosarcoma |
Malignant neoplastic disorder of lymphatic tissue (not related toHodgkin disease) lymph/o: lymph sarc: flesh (connective tissue) -oma: tumor |
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septicemia |
Systemic disease associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenicmicroorganisms or their toxins in the blood; also called bloodinfection |
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serology |
Blood test to detect the presence of antibodies, antigens, or immunesubstances ser/o: serum -logy: study of |
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titer |
Blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood;commonly used as an indicator of immune status |
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activated partial thromboplastintime (APTT |
Test that screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors; valuablefor preoperative screening for bleeding tendencies |
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blood culture |
Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream |
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complete blood count(CBC) |
Series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red bloodcell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts; differentialWBC count; RBC indices; and RBC and WBC morphology |
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differential count |
Test that enumerates the distribution of WBCs in a stained bloodsmear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reportingeach as a percentage of the total examined |
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erythrocyte sedimentationrate (ESR; sed rate) |
Measurement of the distance RBCs settle in 1 hour when wholeblood is placed in a narrow tube erythr/o: red -cyte: cell |
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hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb) |
Measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a wholeblood sample hem/o: blood-globin: protein |
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hematocrit (Hct) |
Measurement of the percentage of packed RBCs in a whole bloodsample; also called crit |
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Monospot |
Serological test performed on a blood sample to detect the presenceof a nonspecific antibody called the heterophile antibody that ispresent in the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis |
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prothrombin time (PT) |
Test used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system and indirectlymeasure prothrombin; also called pro time |
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RBC indices |
Mathematical calculation of the size, volume, and concentrationof hemoglobin for an average red blood cell |
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Schilling test |
Test used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by theGl system |
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lymphadenography |
Radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of acontrast medium lymph: lymph aden/o: gland -graphy: process of recording |
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lymphangiography |
Radiographic examination of lymph nodes or tissues after injectionof contrast medium in lymph vessels lymph: lymph angi/o: vessel -graphy: process of recording |
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aspiration |
Draw in or out using suction |
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bone marrow aspiration |
Procedure using a syringe with a thin aspirating needle that isinserted (usually in the sternum or pelvic bone) to withdraw asmall sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic evaluation. |
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biopsy |
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopicexamination, usually to establish a diagnosis |
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bone marrow biopsy |
Removal of a small core sample of tissue from bone marrow forexamination under a microscope and, possibly, for analysis usingother tests |
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sentinel node biopsy |
Removal of the first lymph node (also called the sentinel node)that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the onemost likely to contain malignant cells |
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lymphangiectomy |
Removal of a lymph vessel lymph: lymph angi: vessel -ectomy: excision |
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transfusion |
Injecting of blood or blood components into the bloodstream |
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autologoustransfusion |
Transfusion prepared from the recipient’s own blood |
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homologoustransfusion |
Transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood iscompatible with that of the recipient |
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transplantation |
Grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site orfrom one person to another |
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autologous bone marrowtransplantation |
Harvesting, freezing (cryopreserving), and reinfusing the patient’sown bone marrow; used to treat bone marrow hypoplasia followingcancer therapy |
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homologous bone marrowtransplantation |
Transplantation of bone marrow from one individual to another;used for treating aplastic anemia and immunodeficiency disorders |
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anticoagulants |
Prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting one or moreclotting factors |
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antineoplastics |
Kill or damage rapidly metabolizing cells |
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antiprotozoals,antibiotics,and sulfadrugs (totreat PCP) |
Treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) |
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antivirals(to treatHIV-AIDS) |
Prevent the replication of viruses within host cells |
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fat-solublevitamins |
Prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from alack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused byvitamin K deficiency |
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hemostatics |
Prevent or control bleeding |
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thrombolytics |
Dissolve blood clots by destroying the fibrin strandsthat make up the clot |
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Iron-deficiencyanemia |
Caused by a greater demand on stored ironthan can be supplied, commonly as a resultof inadequate dietary iron intake or malabsorptionof iron |