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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2nd decade of life; Considered a lengthy period? When does it occur?
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Adolescence; Ages 11-20 years
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What major things occur during adolescence?
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Physical/Biological changes, increasing emotional and economic independence, intellectual (formal operational thinking, and social relationship issues (More interest in opposite sex)
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What adolescence was named after meaning to grow to adulthood basic challenges.
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Adolescer
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What stage of Erickson does this period fall under?
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Identity vs. Identity confusion/diffusion (Occurs from about ages 13 or 14- 20)
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What is the hallmark of adolescence?
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Puberty
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Hormone changes, sexual maturation, and physiological changes.
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Puberty
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What Piaget period does this fall under?
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Formal Operational period
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Piaget stage in which the adolescent reasons in more abstract, idealistic, and logical ways.
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Formal operational stage (11-Adulthood)
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How quickly do girls develop over boys?
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Girls develop quicker by 2-3 years
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Considered the Father of Adolescence; Saw adolescence as storm and stress savage to civilized being, cascade instinctual passions; Conflict and mood swings, evolutionary aspects similar to evaluation from savage to civilized being.
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G. Stanley Hall; Ex. Children in adolescence go from happy to sad or self-confidence to self-doubt
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Believed innate goodness and in high emotionally and conflict; Defiance of adults due to natural upheavels associated with puberty; Believed a high level of dopemine levels increase in adolescence and seratonin decrease a bit.
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JJ Rosseau
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A high level of this is also associated with multiple personalities, and appear by age 20 or 21
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Dopemine
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Anti-depressants try to increase this
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Seratonin
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What also surfaces during adolescence before 21?
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Psychological tendencies
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Believed that passion comes alive again, more conflict, and emotionality and genital region, and psychological conflict,unpredictable, and undetermined behavior;
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Sig Freud (Genital period (Period of sexual awakening)--Puberty)
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Not biological; Stressed environment; Believed culture affects the way adolescence is perceived by others; Tell tale factor is the way society treats them;
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Margaret Meap
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Biological and social
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Balanced view
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Stage of adolescence from middle to junior high school that includes most pubertal changes.
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Early Adolescence (Ages 11-14)
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Stage of adolescence that is the latter half of the second decade of their lives when dating and identity explorations, and career interest begins.
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Late Adolescence (Ages 15-19)
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When does puberty occur?
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Ages 10-15
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Associated with weight gain and accumulation of leptin, which leads to stimulation of hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which impacts other glands.
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Hormonal and body changes
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A protein hormone secreted by fatty tissue.
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Leptin
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Who does puberty occur earlier in?
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Girls
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The Feedback System: The Hypothalamus signals the ________, which will signal the _________ to produce __________ in males and ________ in females, which will form the ________ in males and _________ in women.
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Pituitary gland, gonads, testosterone, estrogen, testes, and ovaries
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How much does testosterone increase in males? Estrogen in females? @ the onset of puberty?
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Testosterone 18 fold in males; Estrogen 2 fold in females; 8 fold in females and 2 fold in males
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Hypothalamic appetites relate to...
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Food, water, and sex.
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When do girls have a growth spurt? Boys?
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Girls-Between 9 and 10; Boys Between 11 and 13
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What happens to girls during the growth spurt?
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Increases in height, body fat, hips broaden, and pubic hair formed.
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When do girls reach their maximum height?
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Age 16
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What happens to boys during the growth spurt?
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Increased muscle, height, and lung capacity, and decreased fat.
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When do boys reach their maximum height?
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Between ages 18 and 20
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Prior to age 10, boys are...
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taller
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During the growth spurt, what is the calorie intake for boys and girls? How many inches do each grow per year?
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Boys--2,700 calories and Girls--2,200; Boys--4 in. per year and Girls--3 in. per year.
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Gradual changes as early as age 7
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Precocious puberty
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At what age do girls see early signs of breast budding and pubic hair growth;
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At Age 10
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What is associated with the onset of puberty?
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Genetics, diet, nutrition, stress levels, and physical health
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What is the earliest recorded birth of girl or woman having a baby?
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5 yrs and 8 months
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In the Lumi tribe, what is the age of onset of puberty?
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At the age of 17
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What tribe celebrates the onset of menarche?
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Tribe in South West
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1st menstral cycle occurs not accompanied by ovulation; Can be earlier in African American females.
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Menarche (Occurs at age 12.5)
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What factors are associated with the onset of menarche?
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Diet, exercise, nutrition, stress, genetic, general physical health, family, and environmental stress.
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What does body fat increase to with the onset of menarche?
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17%
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What can cause a menstral flow to be lat or stop?
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If a girl is on steriods or does strenuous exercise.
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What must be present for menarche to occur?
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Leptin
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Female sex drive, pubic hair, and growth spurt relates to...
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Adrenal androgens
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What are signs of sexual maturation and spermache (first sperm) in boys?
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Growth of testes, scrotum, and pubic hair; Occurs at age 13
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At what age are females in Jewish society considered adults?
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Ages 13 or 14
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What is a right of passage in Jewish society?
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Barmitsva (Male) Batmitsva (Female)
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What is a right of passage in Latino society?
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Quinceanera at age 15 (Similar to a debutante ball)
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Group of people that secludes the woman for a year and then after celebrates with a parade (Coming out parade) for a year?
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Camura
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May develop eating disorders, feel awkward, and may be prayed upon by men
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Early maturers
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Girls who are most at risk for eating disorders are...
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Girls who go through puberty early, have dissatisfaction with their body image, economically advantaged homes, societal trend keepers, and those concerned with weight and thinness.
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Which ethnic group are eating disorders more common in?
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Caucasians
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Who are 3 famous celebrities who struggled with eating disorders?
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Tracey Gold, Portia (Ellen's mate)--Osteoporosis at 25, liver problems, and was @ 85 lbs, Mary Kate Olsen--Ate carrots
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Anorexia causes...
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Amenorrhea
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Means cessation of menarche
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Amenorrhea
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Nervous loss of appetite; Mostly psychological and occurs in economically advantaged homes and in children which mothers that are controlling and perfectionists;
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Anorexia nervosa
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At what early ages do girls have anorexia nervosa? How many girls have this?
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Ages 14-18; 1 in 100 girls or 1% of females have this
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Absence or cessation of menarche
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Amenohria
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Amenohria may occur when
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Some one suffers from anorexia nervosa
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What are characteristics of Anorexia nervosa?
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Distorted body image, strenuous exercise, induced vomiting and laxatives, amenohria, sensitivity to cold, pale, discolored nails, fine dark hairs over body, extreme heart muscle, shrinkage, and brain damage
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What do girls with anorexia nervosa die from? What percentage?
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6% die from electrolyte imbalance.
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When does anorexia occur in relation to bulimia?
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Anorexia occurs earlier
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Combination of anorexia and bulemia
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Bulirexia
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Unhealthy preoccupation with healthy eating; Extreme healthy eating which can be harmful to the body.
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Orthorexia
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Fathers of girls who have anorexia nervosa are....
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Emotionally distant
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Means "ox appetite" and is characterized by binging or purging and are prone to substance abuse, theft and parents are disengaged.
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Bulimia
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When does bulimia typically occur?
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Late teens or early 20's
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What are characteristics of bulimia?
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Normal weight (Even though may have history of anorexia), girls and gay adolescent boys, binges normally preceding a period of dieting, laxatives and strict dieting, low self-esteem, problems with teeth, throat, and stomach, lack of self control in areas, and display borderline personality disorders.
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What kind of parents are parents of children with bulimia?
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They have high expectation, yet disengaged, and unavailable.
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When does the average female have sex?
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Age 17 or 11th grade
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What are factors associated with early frequent sexual activity?
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Early physical maturation, permissive parenting, parental divorce or single parent home, father absence, large family size, sexually active siblings, poor school performance, no educational aspirations, other norm violating activities, and lacking religious or spiritual involvement
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What percentage of people are heterosexual? Bisexual or homosexual?
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93% are heterosexual; 3 -7% are bisexual or homosexual
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When do things begin that tell you a child may have gender sexual issues?
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Between ages 6 and 12 often resulting from play interests and associated feelings.
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When do children begin to feel sexually different and same sex attraction occur?
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At puberty (Boys 11-12) (Girls 14-15)
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What percentage of children try to hide being bisexual or homosexual?
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85% try to conceal
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Occurs when children begin to feel sexually different
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Confusion struggle
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The ability to think abstractly and not limited to here and now, understand historical time, extraterrestrial space, symbols for symbols, better metaphor and allegory, and possibility thinking.
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Formal operation thinking
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Formal operational thinking can occur because of...
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brain maturation, environmental opportunities, culture, and schooling.
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What are the 5 Freudian Stages of psychosexual development?
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Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and genital stage
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Stage in which a child's pleasure centers on the mouth
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Oral stage (Birth to age 1)
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Stage when the child's pleasure focuses on the anus
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Anal Stage (Age 1-3)
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Stage in which a child's pleasure focuses on the genitals; When Oedipus complex occurs.
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Phallic Stage (Age 3-6)
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Stage in which a child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills.
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Latency Stage (Age 6-Puberty)
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Stage in which a time of sexual reawakening; Source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family.
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Genital stage (Puberty Onward)
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Involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications, which provides ways to test hypothesis--Ways to solve problems and path to do so.
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Hypothetical deductive reasoning
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What are 2 possible cognitive distortions?
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Imaginary audience and personal fable
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When a person doesn't know what their role should be; A boundary is not defined;
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Boundary ambiguity; Ex. Mother not having full custody of a child and may not know how to interact when with them; Stepmother with stepchildren
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What are Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial stages?
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Trust vs. Mistrust; Autonomy vs. Shame; Initiative vs. Guilt; Industry vs. Inferiority; Identity vs. Identity Confusion; Intimacy vs. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity vs. Despair
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If the caregiver of a child maintains the child, they will be trusting vs. If their needs are not met the child will not trust the rest of the world
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Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy - Age 1)
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When a child is independent and wants to do things themselves if they have trust in the parent vs. Allowing them to do what they can do and then they start to be ashamed.
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Autonomy vs. Shame
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With trust and autonomy you will step up and do things without being told to do so vs. Having guilt and not stepping up.
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Initiative vs. Guilt (Ages 3-5)
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If a student does good in school or sports vs. A child feeling they are not good at sports or other things.
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Industry vs. Inferiority (Ages 6-11--Middle to late childhood, elementary grades)
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If you have a good support system thus far, you will know who you are vs. feeling incompetent.
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Identity vs. Identity confusion (Adolescence, Ages 11-20)
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People face the developmental takes of forming intimate relationships vs. Being without personal relationships.
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Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood years)
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A concern for helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives vs. To help no one from a younger generation
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Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood ages)
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Person reflects on the past to see if life was well spent vs. Feeling like you didn't accomplish anything in your life.
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Integrity vs. despair (Late adulthood)
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