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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a life structure?
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combination of statuses, roles, activities, goals, values, beliefs, and life circumstances that characterize an individual p 150
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Describe the early adulthood era of development.
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the first era of adulthood, spanning ages 17 through 39 (4 subcategories: Early Adult Transition, Entering the Adult World, Age 30 Transition and Settling Down period) p150
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Describe the middle adulthood era of development.
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the second era of adulthood, spanning the ages of 40-59 (4 subcategories: Midlife Transition, Entering Middle Adulthood, Age 50 Transistion, and Culmination of Middle Adulthood), p150
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Describe the late adulthood era of development.
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the third and last era of adulthood, spanning ages 60 and over p150
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What is the novice phase?
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term proposed by Daniel Levinson and his colleagues for the first three stages of the early adulthood era p151
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What is a mentor?
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someone who fosters an individual's development by believing in the person, sharing the person's dreams, and helping the person achieve those dreams p152
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Who was Daniel Levinson?
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he was a psychologist at Yale University who did an intensive long term study to determine the adult male developmental stages in the 1970s
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Who are Irene Frieze and Esther Sales?
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researchers who studied adult female development and found taht the processes for men and women are different. They suggested three phases of adult female development: leaving the family, entering the adult world, and entering the adult world again
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What, according to Daniel Levinson, are the three basic eras of male adulthood? Identify their major age ranges.
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early (ages 17-39) middle - (ages 40-59) and late - (ages 60 to 75+)
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What, according to Daniel Levinson, are the major characteristics of the early male adult era?
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early - ages 17-39, involves entering the adult world, choosing a career, establishing oneself in society and making and re-evaluating committments;
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What, according to Daniel Levinson, are the major characteristics of the middle male adult era?
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middle - ages 40-59, involves self-examination, reformulation of life goals, perhaps a midlife crise, realization of one's own mortality
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What, according to Daniel Levinson, are the major characteristics of the late male adult era?
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late - ages 60 to 75+ involves transitions
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According to Irene Frieze and Esther Sales, what factors distinguishes female development from male development?
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an emphasis on marriage over career, a break in employment for child rearing, and a later re-entrance into the labor force
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According to Irene Frieze and Esther Sales, what are the three states of adult female development?
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leaving the family, entering the adult workd, and entering the adult world again
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What is the labor force?
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the labor force is all individuals 16 and older who are employed in paid positions or who are seeking paid employment p157
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What is a profession?
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a profession is a high-status occupation that requires specialized skills obtained through formal education p157
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What is the definition of unemployment?
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umemployment is a situation that occurs when people do not have jobs but are actively seeking employment p157
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What is the employment rate?
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the employment rate is the percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment p157
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Give three examples of how the composition of the labor force has changes.
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Examples can include increases in the number of women and minorities in the labor force, a better-educated labor force, changes in the type of work people do and an increase in career changes
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What effect have technological developments, such as the computer, had on work in the United State?
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They have contributed significantly to the growth of the high-tech and service-producing sectors. Eight out of the ten top occupations are computer related.
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How has education changed the nature of work and the labor force?
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workers' education level has increased; about 90 percent of workers aged 25-64 have high school diplomas, and one third have college degrees, jobs. Most jobs require a high school dipoloma and more require degrees and specialized training
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How has farming and manufacturing changed the nature of work and the labor force?
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Farming and Manufacturing fell from 85% of US labor force in 1900 to 27% in 2000; most work now is in professions, office work, sales, and service jobs
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How have women changed the nature of work and the labor force?
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women have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; women now hold about half of all professional jobs
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How have minorities changed the nature of work and the labor force?
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Minorities have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; in particular Hispanics, who are the fastest growing group of American workers
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What are some reasons that people give for being satisfied in their job?
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income, control over their work, can us skills and talents, receive recognition and appreciation, safe workplace, flexible hours, job security, relations with co-workers
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What are some reasons people say they are dissatisfied with their job?
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stress, income, little chance of promotion, benefits (insurance, retirement plans)
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Are most Americans satisfied with their jobs?
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Yes, opinion polls and social-science research in the United States, regardless of what they do, are satisfied with their jobs.
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What are some jobs that were projected to grow in the last decade?
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computer jobs (computer engineers, computer support specialists, systems analysts, database administrators, etc), paralegals and legal assistants, medical and physician assistants, and social and human service assistants p161 chart
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True or False?
Career changes are becoming a common occurrence among American workers. |
True. Statistics indicate that the average worker will change careers from five to six times in a lifetime.
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What is gerontology?
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scientific study of the processes and phenomena of aging 164
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What is social gerontology?
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subfield of gerontology that studies the nonphysical aspects of aging p164
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Describe the young-old group of older people including age range and general topics of study.
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ages 65-74; issues related to the adjustment to retirement p165
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Describe the middle-old group of older people.
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ages 75-84; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency and death p165
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Describe the old-old group of older people.
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ages 85+; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency and death p165
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What is Alzheimer's disease?
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organic condition that results in the progressive destruction of brain cells p168
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What is dependency?
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shift from being an independent adult to being dependent on others for physical or financial assistance p170
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Into what three groups do gerontologists organize the aged population?
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young-old (65-74), middle-old (75-84), and old-old (85 years and older)
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What are some challenges facing aging Americans?
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challenges faced by aging Americans include the adjustment to retirement, declining physical and mental functioning, and dealing with dependency and death
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What are some of the factors that influence one's adjustment to retirement?
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the loss of work, economic independence, health and social networks
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Briefly describe Daniel Levinson's views on adult male development.
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Levinson identified three main eras of adult male development -- early, middle, and late adulthood. Each era begins with a transitional period followed by alternating stable and transitional periods.
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How does adult female development differ from adult male development?
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Adult female development emphasizes marriage and family over career, and child rearing often interrupts or halts career advancement.
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How has the composition of the American labor force changed?
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Changes include increases in the number of women and minority workers, a better-educated workforce, changes in the type of work people do (less farming & manufacturing, more sales and services), and rise in career changes
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In what ways did the nature of work in the United States change in the 1900s?
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During the 1900s, the majority of jobs shifted from being in faming, manufacturing and physical labor, to being in professions and service industries
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What challenges and opportunities are associated with the later stages of life?
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Challenges: adjusting to retirement, coping with changes in physical and mental functioning, and dealing with issues of dependency and death opportunities: freedom to pursue dreams, and start a new career
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What are the main characteristics of each stage of life during the later years of adulthood?
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young-old -- adjusting to retirement, middle-old and old-old -- concerns include declining physical health, dependency and death
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How and why are social networks important when adjusting to retirement?
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they contribute to retirees' quality of life by bolstering people's sense of identity (some of which may be tied to job)
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Why have views concerning intellectual ability in older adults changed in recent years?
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Recent research has show that most older adults retain their intellectual abilities throughout life.
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What is a life structure?
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the combination of statuses, roles, activities, goals, values, beliefs, and life circumstances that characterize a person
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What is a profession?
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a high-status occupation that requires specialized skills obtained through formal education
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What are some examples of professions?
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teacher, doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
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