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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a-
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without
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brady-
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slow
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dys-
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difficult
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inter-
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between
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intra-
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within
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hyper-
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excessive
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per-
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through
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sub-
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under
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supra-
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above
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arthr/o
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joint
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burs/o
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bursa
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carp/o
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carpals (wrist)
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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clavicul/o
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clavicle (collar bone)
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coccyg/o
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coccyx (tailbone)
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cost/o
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rib
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crani/o
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skull
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femor/o
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femur (thigh bone)
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fibul/o
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fibula (thinner lower leg bone)
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humer/o
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humerus (upper arm bone)
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ili/o
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ilium (part of pelvis)
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mandibul/o
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mandible (lower jaw)
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maxill/o
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maxilla (upper jaw)
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metacarp/o
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metacarpus (hand bones)
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metatars/o
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metatarsus (foot bones)
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muscul/o
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muscle
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my/o
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muscle
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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oste/o
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bone
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patell/o
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patella (knee cap)
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phalang/o
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phalanges (fingers and toes)
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pub/o
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pubis (part of pelvis)
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radi/o
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radius (part of forearm)
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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scapul/o
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scapula (shoulder blade)
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spondyl/o
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vertebra
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stern/o
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sternum (breast bone)
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tars/o
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tarsals (ankle)
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ten/o
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tendon
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tendin/o
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tendon
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tibi/o
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tibia (shin, larger lower leg bone)
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unl/o
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ulna (part of forearm)
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vertebr/o
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vertebra
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cutane/o
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skin
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electr/o
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electricity
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fibr/o
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fibrous
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kyph/o
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hump
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lord/o
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bent backward
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orth/o
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straight
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path/o
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disease
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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-ac
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pertaining to
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-al
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pertaining to
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-algia
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pain
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-ar
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pertaining to
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-ary
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pertaining to
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-asthenia
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weakness
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-centesis
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puncture to withdraw fluid
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-clasia
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surgical breaking
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-cyte
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cell
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-desis
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surgical fixation
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-dynia
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pain
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-eal
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pertaining to
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-ectomy
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surgical removal
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-genic
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producing
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-gram
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record
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-graphy
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process of recording
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-itis
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inflamation
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-kinesia
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movement
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-malacia
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softening
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-metry
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process of measuring
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-oma
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tumor
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-osis
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abnormal condition
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-otomy
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cutting into
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-ous
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pertaining to
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-pathy
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disease
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-porosis
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porous
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-scope
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instrument for viewing
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-scopy
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process of visually examining
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-tome
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instrument to cut
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-trophy
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development
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bone graft
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Surgical procedure that uses piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together
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bone scan
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Nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer
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carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist
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closed fracture
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Broken bone with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture
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comminuted fracture
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Bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments
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compound fracture
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Broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture
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compression fracture
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Bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in older persons, especially women, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis
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contracture
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Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle
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creatine kinase (CK)
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Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies
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deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
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Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly
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dislocation
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Occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other
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dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)
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Test using low-dose x-ray beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis
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fibromyalgia
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Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue
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fixation
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Procedure to stablize fractured bone while it heals; extrenal fixation includes cast, splints, and pins inserted through skin; internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are put into place during surgical procedure called open reduction
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fracture (FX, Fx)
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Broken bone
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greenstick fracture
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Fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable
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herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
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Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk, may require surgery
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impacted fracture
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Fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another
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kyphosis
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Abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of thoracic spine; also called hunchback or humpback
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lordosis
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Abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spine; also called swayback
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muscle atrophy
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Loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly called muscle wasting
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muscular dystrophy (MD)
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One of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
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Large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-infammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis
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oblique fracture
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Bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone
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orthosis
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Externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities; orthotist is a person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses
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osteoarthritis (OA)
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Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; most common in bearing weight joints; results in bone rubbing against bone
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osteogenic sarcoma
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Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10-25 years old
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pathologic fracture
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Broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma
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percutaneous diskectomy
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Use of a thin catheter tube inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize disk
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prosthesis
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Any artificial device used as substitute for body part that is either missing from birth or lost as the result of an accident or disease; example: artificial leg, prosthetist is a person trained in making prostheses
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radiography
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Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints
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reduction
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Correcting fracture or dislocation by realigning bone; closed reduction moves bones extrenally; open reduction manipulates bones through a surgical incision; open reduction usually performed before internal fixation of bony fragments
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repetitive motion disorder
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Group of chronic disorders with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements
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rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflamation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune desease
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scoliosis
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Abnormal lateral curvature of spine
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spasm
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Sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
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spina bifida
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Birth defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged, paralysis results
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spiral fracture
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Bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal than other types of fractures
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sprain
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Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture
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strain
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Damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or overstretching
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stress fracture
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A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than single forceful impact
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total hip arthroplasty (THA)
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Surgical reconstruction of hip with artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR)
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total knee arthroplasty
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Surgical reconstruction of knee joint with artificial knee joint; also called total knee replacement (TKR)
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transverse fracture
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Bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone
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