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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a tiny living thing visible only through a microscope |
microorganism/microbe |
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what are infections caused by |
pathogens |
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What must invade and grow within the human body in order for infections to develop? |
pathogens |
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What type of infection is limited to a specific part of the body? |
localized infection |
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What type of infection occurs when pathogens enter the bloodstream and move throughout the body? |
systemic infection |
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What special type of infection can be localized or systemic and is associated with healthcare delivery in any setting, including long term care facilities, hospitals, ambulatory settings, and home care? |
HAI (healthcare associated infection) |
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Redness, swelling, pain, heat, and drainage are signs and symptoms of what type of infection? |
localized infection |
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What is a name for fluid from a wound or cavity |
Drainage |
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Fever, chills, headache, change in other vital signs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mental confusion are signs and symptoms of what type of infection? |
systemic infection |
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This disease is caused by a pathogen |
Infectious disease |
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What term is used to describe the body's ability to prevent infection and disease? |
Resistance |
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What type of infectious disease is transmitted by both direct contact and indirectly? |
Communicable disease |
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What type of communicable disease spreads quickly from person to person? |
Contagious disease |
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What type of disease is not capable of being spread from one person to another? |
Non communicable disease |
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What is the way and means by which a disease is spread? |
Transmission |
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What refers to practices used to reduce and control the spread of microorganisms, such as handwashing? |
Medical asepsis |
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A condition in which an object has not been contaminated with pathogens? |
Clean |
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The physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another? |
Cross-infection |
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A condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens? |
Dirty |
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A measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying pathogens ? |
Disinfection |
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A measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all microorganisms, including those that form spores? |
Sterilization |
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An appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects by using steam under pressure? |
Autoclave |
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A method that makes an area or object completely free of microorganisms; also called sterile technique? |
Surgical Asepsis |
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This describes how disease is transmitted from one being to another? |
The chain of infection |
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Link 1 of the COI (chain of infection); is a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease |
Causative agent |
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Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are examples of what link in the COI |
Link 1, Causative Agents |
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The waiting period between the time the pathogen enters the body and the time it causes visible signs of symptoms and disease |
Incubation period |
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Substances prepared from weakened or killed microorganisms that can give immunity to a disease without causing physical signs and symptoms of that particular disease ;An infection prevention example for Link 1 of the COI |
Vaccines |
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Link 2 of the COI; the place where the pathogen lives and grows |
Reservoir |
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Humans, animals, plants, soil, or substances are examples of which link in the COI |
link 2; a reservoir |
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This occurs when a person gets a disease directly from another person (reservoir)? |
Direct spread |
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Term that describes a person carrying the disease |
Carrier |
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This occurs when a person gets a disease from an object, insect, or animal (reservoir) |
Indirect spread |
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An object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can now spread the pathogen to another person (Examples are: infected food, water, utensils, bed linens) |
Fomite |
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Keeping surfaces dry is an infections prevention example for which link in the COI |
Link 2; reservoir |
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Link 3 of the COI; used to describe any opening on an infected person allowing pathogens to leave (Examples are: nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut in the skin) |
Portal of Exit |
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Covering the nose and mouth is an infection prevention example of which link in the COI |
LINK 3; portal of exit |
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Droplets from the nose and mouth is an example of this portal of exit |
respiratory tract |
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Saliva, feces, or vomitus are examples of this portal of exit |
gastrointestinal tract |
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Blood, pus, or other drainage from wounds are examples of this portal of exit |
Skin |
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Urine, Semen, or vaginal secretions are examples of this portal of exit |
Genitals/ Urinary tract |
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Link 4 of the COI; describes how the pathogen travels? |
mode of transmission |
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These are considered the main routes of transmission? |
Contact, droplets, airbourne transmissions |
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This is the primary route of disease transmission in healthcare settings? |
The hands of healthcare workers |
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Washing hands is an infection prevention example of which link in the COI |
Link 4; mode of transmission |
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The 5th link in the COI; describes any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter |
Portal of Entry |
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Membranes that line the body cavities that open to the outside of the body. Includes the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals |
Mucous membranes |
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The nose or mouth are examples of this portal of entry |
Respiratory tract |
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food or fluids are examples of this portal of entry |
gastrointestinal tract |
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the penis and vagina are examples of this portal of entry |
genitals |
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this portal of entry occurs from mother to baby through what? |
the placenta |
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a bite wound, acne, or non intact skin is an example of this portal of entry |
breaks in the skin |
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wearing gloves is an infection prevention example for this link in the COI? |
LINK 5; portal of entry |
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the 6th link in the COI; describes an uninfected person who could become ill |
susceptible host |
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resistance to disease decreases when a person is considered what? |
a susceptible host |
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staying healthy and protecting the elderly and ill from pathogens is an infection prevention example for this link in the COI |
LINK 6; susceptible host |
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What population is at higher risk for infection due to weaker immune systems, limited mobility, thinner skin, slow wound healing, and many other reasons? |
The elderly |
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What type of tubing is used for urinary elimination |
catheters |
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the federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve health |
(CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
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To keep something separate or by itself |
Isolate |
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Means treating blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected |
Standard Precautions |
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Why are Standard Precautions ALWAYS followed |
Because you cannot tell by looking at a resident or their charts whether or not they have a contagious disease |
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Defined by the CDC as washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water or using alcohol based hand rubs |
Hand hygiene |
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An agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens |
Antimicrobial agent |
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A barrier between a person and pathogens |
PPE or Personal protective equipment |
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This term means "to put on" |
Don |
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This term means "to remove or take off" |
Doff |
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Gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, and face shields are common examples of what |
PPE |
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The correct order of donning full PPE is what |
1. wash hands 2. don gown 3. don mask or respirator 4. don goggles or face shield 5. don gloves |
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The correct order of doffing full PPE is what |
1. doff and discard gloves 2. doff goggles or face shield 3. doff and discard gown 4. doff mask or respirator 5. wash hands |
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Medical term for pink eye |
conjunctivitis |
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Residents in isolation require what |
transmission-based precautions |
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microorganisms in the human blood that can cause infection and diseases |
bloodborne pathogens |
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a federal government agency that is responsible for the safety of workers in the US; they make and enforce rules to protect workers from hazards on the job |
OSHA or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
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This law passed in 1991 requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards |
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard |
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This outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step by step procedures to follow when exposures do occur |
exposure control plan |
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What is it called when an employee is exposed to blood or other potentially infectious material |
an exposure incident |
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These are two major groups of bloodborne diseases in the US |
HIV and HEPATITIS |
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A sexually transmitted disease that can also be transmitted by blood through needles and from mother to fetus |
HIV |
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an inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma; includes types A B C D AND E |
hepatitis |
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type of hepatitis transmitted by blood or body fluids |
hepatitis C |
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type of hepatitis transmitted by blood that requires that hepatitis B be present in order for the person to contract |
hepatitis D |
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type of hepatitis commonly spread by the fecal oral route, food or water contaminated by stool from an infected person |
hepatitis a |
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type of hepatitis spread through sexual contact , sharing infected needles, from a mother to baby during delivery, through grooming supplies such as razors, nail clippers, and toothbrushes |
hepatitis b |
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this type of hepatitis is not common in the US but can be spread through the fecal- oral route mostly from contaminated water |
hepatitis e |
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microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents |
multi-resistant organisms (MDROs) |
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an antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in healthcare facilities |
MRSA OR HA-MRSA |
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type of MRSA infection that occurs in people who have not been recently admitted to a healthcare facility and have no past diagnosis of MRSA |
CA-MRSA ( community associated) |
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how is MRSA most commonly spread |
by direct physical contact with infected people |
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a spore forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora |
C DIFFICILE |