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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
memory
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the ability to store and retrieve information over time
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encoding
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the process by which we transform what we perceive, think or feel into an induring memory
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storage
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the process of maintaining information in memory over time
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retrieval
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the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored
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elaborate encoding
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the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory
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visual imagery encoding
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the process of storing new information by convering it into mental pictures
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organizational encoding
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the act of catergorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items
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memory storage
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the process of maintaining information in memory over time
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sensory memory store
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the place in which sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less
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iconic memory
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a fast-decaying store of visual information
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echoic memory
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a fast decaying store of auditory information
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short term memory store
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a place where nonsensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute
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rehearsal
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the process of keeping information in short term memory by mentally repeating it
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chunking
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combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory
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working memory
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active maintenance of information in short term storage
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long term memory store
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a place in which information can be kept for hours, days, weeks or years
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anterograde amnesia
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the inability to transfer new information from the short term store into the long term store
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retrograde amnesia
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the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation
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long term potentiation (LTP)
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enchanced neural processing that results from the strengthening of synaptic connections
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retreival cue
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external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind
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encoding specificity principle
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the idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded
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state dependent retrieval
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the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval
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transfer- appropriate processing
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the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when we process information in a way that is appropriate to the retreival cues that will be available later
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explicit memory
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the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences
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implicit memory
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the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them
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procedural memory
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the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice,or "knowing how" to do things
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priming
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an enchanced ability to think of a stimulus such as a word or object as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus
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semantic memory
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a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world
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episodic memory
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the collection of past personal experiences that occured at a particular time and place
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transience
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forgetting what occurs with the passage of time
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retroactive interference
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situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier
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proactive interference
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situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later
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absentmindedness
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a lapse in attention that results in memory failure
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prospective memory
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remembering to do things in the future
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blocking
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a failure to retreive information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it
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memory misattribution
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assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source
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source memory
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recall of when, where and how information was acquired
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suggestibility
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the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections
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bias
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the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs and feelings on recollections of previous experiences
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persistence
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the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget
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flashbulb memories
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detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events
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