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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define bioenergetics
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The flow of energy through an animal, taking into account the energy stored in the food it consumes, the energy used for basic functions, activity, growth, reproduction, and regulation, and the energy lost to the environment as heat or in waste.
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Distinguish between anatomy and physiology. Explain how functional anatomy relates to these terms
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Anatomy is the form of an organism and its study
Physiology is the biological function of an organism |
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Define tissue
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An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.
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Epithelial tissue
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Covers the outside of the body and lines internal organs and cavities
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Connective tissue
Adipose tissue Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage bone blood |
Connective tissue binds and supports other tissues.
Apidoes tissue pads and insulates the body Fibrous connective tissue which is tendons and ligaments Cartilage stronge and flexible support material Bone-mineralized connective tissue blood transport oxygen, white for defense, platelets to aid in blood clots |
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Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
Muscle tissue contacts in response to nerve tissues.
Skeletal muscle- voluntary movement Cardiac muscle contraction of the heart Smooth muscle are for involuntart body activitys |
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Nervous tissue
Neuron |
transmits nerve signals throught the animal
Neuron transport nerve impulses |
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Define Biosynthese
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is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products
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Define homeostasis. Describe the three functional components of a homeostatic control system.
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The steady-state physiological condition of the body.
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Define Thermoregulation. Explain in general terms how endotherms and ectotherms manage their heat budget.
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The maintenance of internal temperature within a tolerable range. Endotjer,s gemerate heat to keep their body substantially warmer then its surrounding in a cold environment and in the cold they have mechanisms for cooling the body. Ecotherms consume less food and seek shade or basking in the sun for energy
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Name and describe four physical processes by which animals exchange heat with their environment
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Radiation-Emission of electronic waves of all objects with energy(from sun)
Evaporation- The removal of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as gas(sweat) Convection-the transfor of heat by the movement of air or liquid past the surface(air currents) Conduction- The direct transfer of thermal motion between molecules of objects in direct contact(rock) |
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Discuss the role of hair, feathers, and adipose tissue in insulation
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Reduces the flow of heat exchange between and animal and its environment.
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Explain the role of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in modifying the transfer of body heat with its environment.
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Vasodilation is an increase in the of superficial blood vessels. Blood flow to the skin is elevated.
Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and heat transfers by decreasing the diamter of superficial vessels. |
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Describe animal adaptions to facilitate evaporative cooling.
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a countercurrent exchange system traps heat in the body core, thus reducing heat loss from the extremities.
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Explain how ectotherms and endotherms may acclimatize to changing environmental temperatures
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Enderotherms adjust the amount of body insulation and ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level.
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Distinguish between regulators and conformers for a particular environmental variable.
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In cold water an endotherm with regulate its body heat keeping it stable and an ectotherm will allow its internal environment to comform to the temperature of the water.
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