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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gentry
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Wealthy planters, wealthy merchants, minsters, good lawyers, and royal officials
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Middle Class
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Wealthy farmers, skilled craftsmen and poorer merchants (75% of all white colonists)
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Indentured Servants
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Poor people who signed contracts to work from 4-7 year without pay for anyone who would pay for the passage to the colonies When the contract expired, were paid freedom dues (tools, clothes, 50 acres)
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Gullah
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A language that is a mix of African dialects and old English
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Negro Election Day
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A day of celebration for African Americans in the colonies
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The Great Awakening
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A powerful religious movement in New England, and to a lesser extent, the rest of the colonies
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Jonathan Edwards
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The New England preacher considered to have set off the Great Awakening
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George Whitefield
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An English preacher who helped fan the flames of the Great Awakening
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Public schools
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Were paid for by the town, as to allow the children of that town a education, and the money for this school was taken from the taxes of the town
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Tutors
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Private teachers who are paid for by wealthy people to educate their children
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Apprentices
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12 to 13 year old boys who work for a master craftsman for free to learn a trade or craft
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Dame schools
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Private schools for girls ran by rich women
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John Locke
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An English philosopher, who's ideas about human intellect and discovery set of the Enlightenment in England and in her colonies (to a lesser extent, Europe as well)
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Benjamin Franklin
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An Enlightenment thinker in the colonies, who invented many useful devices, along with writing a series of sayings.
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Poor Richards Almanack
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A collection of sayings written by Ben Franklin that is considered very pithy even today
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Libel
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A false statement that hurts one reputation
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John Peter Zenger
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A New England newspaper owner sued for libel, defended by stating if it is true, it isn’t libel; the case became the base of freedom of speech or freedom of the press
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Charles I
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An English king who disapproved of Puritans and Separatists
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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An Puritan “model colony”, or a new society that was based on biblical laws and teachings on Mass. Bay, founded by John Winthrop
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John Winthrop
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Was the leader and first governor of the Mass. Bay colony. Quoted saying “the best part of the population is always the least, and of that least part the wiser is always the lesser”, and used this logic as reasoning for only allowing stockholders in the Mass. Bay Company, then allowed Puritan church members who were male, owned property, and were over 21 to vote
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Great Migration
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The name for Puritan migration to the Mass. Bay colony, that happened between 1629-1640, in which 15,000 Puritan made the crossing from England to Mass. Bay Colony
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Boston
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The first town in the Mass. Bay colony, was the colonies capital
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Thomas Hooker
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The Puritan priest who founded Connecticut, was a dissident of Puritan secular government, and believed that to much power was in the hands of too few people, so he created the Colony of Connecticut and created the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut to prevent too much power presiding in one person
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Hartford
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The first town of Connecticut colony, was the colonies capitial
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Roger Williams
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Was the founder of Rhode Island, a dissident of Puritan secular government, a firm believer in total religious tolerance
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Anne Hutchinson
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Was a provocative female dissident of Puritan secular government, was exiled to Connecticut
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Metacom
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Leader of hostile indians, stirred up King Philip's (Metacom) war, considered extremely bloody war, was killed in custody of English government 1676
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King Phillip
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The English name for Metacom
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The Common
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The center of villages, where Militia training took place
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Meetinghouse
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A house for local meetings, where voting on local matters was held
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Puritians
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Were a type of early Protestants, who wanted to purify the Anglican Church further than done so by the British Monarchy
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General Court
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Was the Puritian's governmental congregation, where important matters were taken care of
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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The governing document that stated the rights of the citizenry of Connecticut
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Religious Tolerance
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The policy of allowing other religions to exist in a region/ country beside the state embraced religion
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Sabbath
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Was another name for Sunday, when Puritans forbade work
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Town Meeting
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A meeting of townspeople, usually in the Meetinghouse with the intent to regulate the towns laws and ordinances
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Mercantilism
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Is an economic theory that states that all trade should benefit the home country
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Export
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A good with value that is exported out of the country to be bartered or sold
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Import
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A good with value that is imported into the country to be bartered or sold
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Navigation Act
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A set of laws that made sure that only England and her colonies benefited colonial trade (resented among colonists)
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Yankee
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A nickname for New England Merchants that implied that one would work hard to make a profit
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Triangular trade
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Was a three way trade between Africa, North and South America, and Europe that provided the world with slaves
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Legislature
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Is a name for a group of people who have the power to make laws
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Glorious Revolution
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Was when King James II was removed and William and Mary of the Netherlands to rule England, as long as they agreed to allow the English Bill of Rights to be passed
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Bill of rights
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Is a written list of freedoms that a civil body politic (government) promises to protect.
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William Penn
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Was the founder of Pennsylvania, was a Quaker, who had a policy of fairness to Indians, and by doing so, prevented, for a time, the vicious little wars that would pop up as the people from a colony pushed further and further into the wilderness that the Indians considered to be theirs
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Peter Stuyvesant
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Was the highly unpopular Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam from 1647-1664 when the English took over the land
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The Duke of York
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Was King Charles II (English) brother who was given the Colony of New Amsterdam and was renamed in his honor
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The “Holy Experiment”
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Was another name for Pennsylvania, because Will Penn considered his colony a "Holy Experiment"
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Philadelphia
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The capital city of Pennsylvania, Greek word for brotherly love
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The Great Wagon Road
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Was a route for many settlers to find a place to settle
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Patroons
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Was name for Dutch nobility given a huge land grant, in exchange for the promise to bring 50 european farming families over (at least)
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Royal colony
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A colony under the DIRECT control of the respective crown
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Quakers
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Are an extremist protestant group, whose beliefs (in England) were considered to be wicked (Refusal to bow, Refusal to be conscripted, Refusal to obey laws about women preaching, ETC.)
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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Were German settlers, were called that because many couldn’t pronounce Deutsh, or German for “German”
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Proprietary colony
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A type of Colony when a king gave land to one or more people in exchange for yearly payment, payable in any terms
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Cash Crops
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Are crops that can be sold at a large profit, or a good ROI, at a local or international level
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The Middle Passage
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Was a sea-lane between Africa and the Americas
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Act of Toleration
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Was a law that allowed all Christians to worship freely (didn’t extend to Jews)
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Indigo
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Is a valuable blue dye that can be grown on a plantation for a great profit
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Debtors
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Are people who owe money with no means of paying it back
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Slave Codes
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Were laws that treat slaves as property, not as humans
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Racism
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Is the belief that one race is superior to another
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Sir George Calvert
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Was the man with the idea behind the Maryland Colony, but died before the project could get under way, while his son Lord Baltimore continued the project
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Lord Baltimore
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Was the founder of Virginia, continuing his father’s dream of a Roman Catholic Colony in the Americas
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Chesapeake Bay
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A bay that is between Maryland and Virginia
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St. Mary’s
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Is the capital city of Maryland
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Margaret and Mary Brent
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Two ambitious sisters who came to the colonies and set up plantations of 1000 acres or more, and Margaret prevented a revolt among the governor’s soldiers
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Nathaniel Bacon
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Was the leader of Bacons Rebellion
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Bacon’s Rebellion
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Was a group of angry citizens who burned Native American villages, then burned Jamestown, however, the revolt soon fell apart after Bacon died, and 23 of his followers were hung
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Charles Town
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Is the capital of South Carolina
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James Oglethorpe
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-Founder of Georgia, considered the Colony a place where debtors could get a fresh start
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Savannah
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Is the capital city of Georgia
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The Tidewater
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Was the name for the plains near the sea, where the land was washed by the sea, and it is called the Tidewater
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The Backcountry
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Was the name for the land at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountians
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The Middle Passage
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Was a sea-lane between Africa and the Americas
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