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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the: |
B. cytoplasm. |
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2. A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a: |
C. nucleus. |
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3. The organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the: |
D. Golgi apparatus. |
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4. Many antibiotics kill bacteria because they hinder translation by prokaryotic _____. |
B. ribosomes |
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5. The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is: |
B. endosymbiosis. |
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6. Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting structure called the: |
B. cytoskeleton. |
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7. Integrins are glycoproteins that help link the cytoskeleton and the: |
A. extracellular matrix. |
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8. Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio: |
E. decreases. |
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9. Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are: |
D. peroxisomes. |
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10. A circular molecule of DNA devoid of any histone proteins describes the chromosome of a (an): |
D. bacteria |
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11. Who first described cells? |
C. Hooke |
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12. Schleiden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form says: |
B. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells are the smallest living things and all cells arise by division of other cells. |
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13. The "X" shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. This organelle is the: |
C. nucleus. |
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14. The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of: |
B. amino acids. |
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15. Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to: |
D. flagella. |
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16. Photosynthetic pigments in bacteria are located in the: |
B. plasma membrane. |
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17. Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a: |
A. central vacuole. |
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18. This cellular structure lacks a membrane: |
E. nucleoid |
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19. Some of the functions of the eukaryotic organelles are performed in bacteria by the: |
A. cell wall. |
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20. The cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions called: |
A. organelles. |
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21. Ribosomes are made up of: |
D. protein and RNA. |
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22. The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called the: |
D. Golgi body. |
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23. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in: |
C. energy release/capture. |
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24. The major histocompatibility complex is important in a T-cell's ability to: |
B. recognize self from nonself. |
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25. Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except: |
C. DNA molecules only outward. |
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26. The nucleolus is the site of: |
E. ribosome assembly. |
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27. Chromosomes can be condensed into compact structures, visible with the light microscope, but usually only: |
A. during cell division. |
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28. A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system. The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with what organelle? |
D. peroxisomes |
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29. Peroxisomes are examples of: |
C. microbodies. |
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30. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain: |
C. DNA. |
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31. The organelle involved in the oxygen-requiring process by which the energy harvested from macromolecules is used to generate ATP is the: |
C. mitochondria. |
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32. Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of: |
D. microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement. |
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33. The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called: |
B. chlorophyll. |
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34. The spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting all rely on the same type of cell movement called: |
C. crawling. |
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35. A team of researchers is studying the external structures on the dorsal (back) surface of a spider mite. The spider mite seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite, which is approximately 0.05mm. While they can see the dorsal surface of the spider mite with their naked eye, they cannot see the mite clearly. The researchers are writing a grant to provide support for a microscope to use to study these new mites. They need to purchase a microscope with a high magnification to observe the new mites on their habitat. It is not necessary for them to observe living mites. Based on the information given, what type of microscope would you suggest? |
D. binocular compound light microscope |
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36. A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope. He notices that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He asks why there are so many ribosomes. You respond, |
B. "This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body." |
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37. You stain a cell with a dye that reacts with an enzyme found in the lysosome. You would also expect to see this dye in: |
C. endoplasmic reticulum. |
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38. A cell biologist has developed a new drug that blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. What will this drug prevent from happening inside a cell? |
A. the movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus |
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39. Plants, fungi and bacterial all have: |
B. cell walls |
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40. Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image. Which microscope should you use? |
A. confocal microscope |
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41. Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80C. What feature allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures? |
A. Archaeal membranes contain special lipids. |
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42. Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption? |
C. lysosome |
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43. You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins. Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted for delivery to the plasma membrane, in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed? |
A. Golgi apparatus and ER |
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44. Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, what cellular structures must you include? |
A. ribosomes |
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45. When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) _____ are used? |
B. dynein |
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46. A protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the Golgi. At that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi. As a result, what would happen to the protein? |
B. The protein would be stuck in the Golgi. |
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47. If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue, what experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable? |
C. immunohistochemistry, bright-field microscopy |
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48. During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate? |
D. protein synthesis |
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49. Cardiac muscle cells are connected by special junctions called intercalated discs. Intercalated discs provide strength between cells of tissues which exhibit high mechanical stress, strong flexible connections between tissue cells, and electrical excitability between the cells. Using this information, what junctions are present in intercalated discs? |
C. gap, adherens, and desmosomes |
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50. Based on the function of mitochondria, what substance is able to pass through the outer membrane of the mitochondria easily? |
A. Oxygen |
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51. Individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epithelial lining of the lung become damaged over time. What are these structures called? |
D. Cilia |
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52. Streptomycin is an antibiotic that interferes with the function of the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome. What is the consequence of treating a bacteria with streptomycin? |
B. Impaired protein synthesis |
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53. If the function of centrioles was impaired in a cell, it could not: |
B. divide. |
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54. When looking at plant and animal cells with an electron microscope, you notice that the plant cells have more Golgi membranes than the animal cells. How might you explain this? |
A. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of cell walls. |
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55. Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (GSD II), also known as Pompe disease, is a metabolic disorder that leads to the accumulation of glycogen in muscles and neurons throughout the body. It is caused by a defect in an enzyme that is normally housed with other enzymes that are involved in breaking down large macromolecules. What organelle is most likely affected by this disease? |
C. Lysosome |
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56. Scientists believe that stimulating growth of algae and other organisms can reduce carbon dioxide amounts in the atmosphere. What is vital to removal of carbon dioxide? |
D. Stroma in chloroplasts |
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57. Cardiac muscle has prolonged contraction due to a sodium induced-calcium released process into the cytoplasm of the cell. Cardiac cells can communicate through pore-like channels between cells. List the junction and the organelle involved in cardiac muscle contraction? |
E. Gap; Smooth ER |
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58. Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by mutations in all the following except: |
C. cytoplasmic DNA |
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59. What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts? Mitochondria have linear strands of DNA and chloroplasts have rings of DNA.
Mitochondria have three membranes and chloroplasts have two membranes.
Mitochondria produce oxygen and chloroplasts produce carbon dioxide.
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D. Mitochondria are oxidative metabolic bacteria derivatives and chloroplasts are photosynthetic bacteria derivatives. |
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60. If a water molecule passes through the outer membrane of a chloroplast, how many more membranes will it have to move through to be in the stroma? |
B. 2 |
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61. As ATP moves from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm of a cell, how many membranes will it pass? |
B. 2 |
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62. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are different in size. What is a plausible explanation? |
B. Eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization. |
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63. A cuboidal shaped cell with six sides is 1mm X 1mm X 1mm. What is the volume and the surface area of the cell?
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A. 1mm3 : 6mm2 |
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64. Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly. What cell structure had most likely had contracted? |
D. vacuole |