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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anthropomorphic
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having human form of attributes
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olympiad
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the four year interval between the Olympic games, became a Greek means of dating historical events
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polis
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city state
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monarchy
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rule by one
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oligarchy
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rule of a few; produced great tension between upper and lower classes
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tyranny
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rule by force
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democracy
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rule by the people
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archon
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chief magistrate
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anarchy
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the breakdown of gov't and order
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philosophers
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lovers of wisdom
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Minoan
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early Greek civilization on the island of Crete; contributions: plumbing, pottery, carvings
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Mycenaean
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civilization on the mainland of Greece, borrowed from Minoan culture, military-focused
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Iliad & Odyssey
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epic poems by Homer
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Homer
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Greek poet who provided poems that gave glimpses of the early Greek way of life
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Zeus
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king of gods and man
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Athena
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goddess of wisdom
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Peloponnesian League
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oligarchies established by Spartans in their neighboring city-states to thwart the advances of democratic principles
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Solon
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under his reign Athens took a step towards democracy
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Darius I
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Persian king who crushed the revolt and sought to punish Athens for her part in the rebellion
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Xerxes
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son of Darius I, who renewed the struggle of the persians
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Delian League
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the alliance the Greek city-states formed in order to protect themselves from Persian attacks
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Pericles
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the influential leader of Athens
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Peloponnesian War
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431-404 BC Greek civil war (elephant and whale were symbols) Sparta defeated Athens
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Phillip II
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the king that united Macedonia and extended his kingdom into Greece
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Alexander the Great
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son of Philip, taught by Aristotle; conquered the entire eastern world, took his army on an 8 yr march
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Darius III
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the king of Persia at the time of Alexander the Great's march. he ran away during battle
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Thales
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the father of philosophy; believed that water was the original substance of all things
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Socrates
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his motto was "know thyself" he also said "the unexamined life is not worth living"; his method of teaching was to ask the students questions
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Plato
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pupil of Socrates; "true reality lies outside the physical world"
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Aristotle
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plato's student; "reality lies in the physical world"
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Epicurus
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believed that great happiness and pleasure could be achieved through the avoidance of pain and fear
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Zeno
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founder of Stoicism
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Pythagoras
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a philosopher and mathematician of the sixth century BC; believed the universe could be explained in mathematical terms; gave us the pythagorean theorem
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Hippocrates
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the father of medicine; known for Hippocrates' oath; believed that every illness had a natural cause
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Euclid
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the father of Geometry; wrote "Elements"
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Herodotus
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the father of History; wrote his history of the Persian Wars that contains many myths and exaggerations
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Sophocles
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a writer of tragedy
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Parthenon
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the most spectacular of all the temples to the Greek gods
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