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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Deferred imitation |
The developmental science term for referring to skills involved in managing and decoding our own and other people's emotions and getting along with other human beings |
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The capacity to engage in deferred imitation reflects a child's ______ capacities |
Memory |
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Piaget habits or repetitive actions such as thumb sucking, which center around a child's body |
Primary circular reactions |
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Sensorimotor stage of development children |
From the ages of 2 - 4 pin down the basics of physical reality through their senses |
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According to research newborn spend more time |
Looking at their mothers face and the faces of attractive people |
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Preferential looking paradigm |
Century capabilities of young infants and how they're measured |
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Why toddlers suddenly start to avoid unfamiliar foods |
It is a protective mechanism to keep them from being poisoned when they start running into the world |
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Cerebral cortex |
The outer folded mantle of the brain responsible for thinking, reasoning, perceiving, and all conscious responses |
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Axon |
Long nerve fiber that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body of a neutron |
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Dendrite |
A branching fiber that receives information and conducts impulses towards the cell body of the neuron |
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Synapses |
The gap between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another over which impulses flow |
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Synaptogenesis |
Forming of connections between neurons at the synapse this. This process responsible for all perceptions actions and thoughts is most intense during infancy and childhood but continues throughout life |
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Myelination |
Formation of a fatty layer encasing axons of neurons this process which speeds the transmission of neural impulses continues from birth to early adulthood |
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Plastic |
Malleable or capable of being changed used to refer to neural or cognitive development |
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Sucking reflex |
The automatic spontaneous sucking movements newborns produce especially when anything touches their lips |
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Rooting reflex |
Newborns automatic response to touch on the cheek involving turning towards that location and beginning to suck |
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Reflex |
A response or action that is automatic in program by a non cortical brain centers |
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Undernutrition |
A chronic lack of adequate food |
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Stunting |
Excessively short stature in a child caused by a chronic lack of adequate nutrition |
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Micronutrient deficiency |
Chronically inadequate level of specific nutrient important to development and disease prevention such as vitamin A, zinc, or iron |
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Swaddling |
Wrapping a baby tightly in a blanket or garment this technique is calming during early infancy |
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Kangaroo care |
Carrying a young baby in a sling close to the caregivers body this technique is used for soothing an infant |
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Self soothing |
Children's ability usually beginning at 6 months of age to put themselves back to sleep when they wake up during the night |
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Co-sleeping |
The standard custom in collectivist cultures of having a child and parent share a bed |
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What allows a baby's brain to be especially plastic |
excessive synaptogenesis which allows for the surplus to be used in other regions. |
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The language acquisition device |
A term Chomsky coined for the hypothetical brain structure that allows only our species to learn language |
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Preferential looking paradigm |
He research technique to explore early instant sensory capacities and cognition drawing on the principle that we are attracted to novelty and prefer to look at new things |
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Habituation |
The predictable loss of interest that develops wants to stimulus becomes familiar used to explore infant sensory capacities and thinking |
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Face perception |
Research using preferential looking and habitation to explore what very young babies know about faces |
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Depth perception |
The ability to see and fear heights |
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Visual cliff |
A table that appears to end in a drop off at a midpoint used to test in fact depth perception |
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Circular reactions |
Repetitive action oriented schas or habits characteristic of babies during the sensorymotor stage |
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Primary circular reactions |
The first infant habits during the sensorimotor stage centered on the body |
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Scondary circular reactions |
Habits of the sensorimotor stage lasting from 4 months of age to the baby's first birthday. Centered on exploring the external world |
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Tertiary circular reactions |
"Little scientist" activities of the sensorimotor stage beginning around the age of 1 involving flexibility exploring the properties of objects |
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Means end behavior |
Performing a different action to get to a goal emerges near the age of 1 |
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Object permanence |
The understanding that objects still exist outside of view |
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A not b error |
The mistake where babies look in an old hiding spot though they saw it be hidden else where |
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Information processing approach |
A perspective on understanding cognition that divides thinking into specific steps and component processes much like a computer |
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Grammar |
The rule and word arrangement systems that every human language employs to communicate |
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Social interactionist view |
An approach to language development that emphasizes it's social function specifically that babies and adults have a mutual passion to communicate |
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Babbling |
The alternating vowel and consonant sounds that babies repeat with variations of intonation and pitch and that precede the first words |
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Holophrase |
First clear evidence of language when babies use a single word to communicate a sentence or complete thought |
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Telegraphic speech |
The first stage of combining words in infancy in which a baby pares down a sentence to its essential words |
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Infant directed speech |
Simplified exaggerated high pitched tones adults use to help teach infants speech |