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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Difference between heat produces and heat lost
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Body Temperature
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Acceptable Ranges for respirations for an adult
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12-20 respirations per minute
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Acceptable Ranges for Pulse for an adult
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60-100 beats per minute
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Average oral/tympanic temperature
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37°C(98.6°F)
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Average rectal temperature
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37.5°C(99.5°F)
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Average axillary temperature
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36.5°C(97.7°F)
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Average Blood Pressure
Average Pulse Pressure |
<120/<80 mm Hg
<30-50 mm Hg |
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Balance between heat lost and heat produced
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Thermoregulation
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Located in between the cerebral hemispheres it controls heat loss
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Anterior Hypothalamus
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Located in between the cerebral hemispheres it controls heat production
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Postoerior hypothalamus
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Accounts for the heat produced while the body is at rest
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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How do thyroid hormones affect the BMR
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by promoting the breakdown of body glucose and fat and increase the rate of chemical reactions in almost all cells of the body
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The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact between the two
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Radiation
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The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact.
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Conduction
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The transfer of heat away by air movement
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Convection
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The transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
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Evaporation
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Visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax
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Diaphoresis
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What are the patterns of fever?
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Sustained
Intermittent Remittent Relapsing |
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Type of fever that has a constant body temperature continuously above 100.4 F that has little fluctuation
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Sustained
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Type of fever that has spikes interspersed with usual temperature levels
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Intermittent
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Type of fever that spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels
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Remittent
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Type of fever that has periods of febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values (longer than 24 hours between episodes
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Relapsing
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Name 5 physiological responses of having a fever
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Oxygen consumption rises
Respiratory rate goes up Heart rate increase cellular metabolism increases Body metabolism increases |
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When your metabolism increases what does the body need more of?
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Oxygen
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If the body cannot meet the demand for additional what occurs to the cells
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Cellular Hypoxia
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Myocardial hypoxia produces what kind of pain
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Angina (Chest Pain)
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A hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive anesthetic drugs
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Malignant hyperthermia
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An elevated body temperature related to the inability of the body to promote heat loss or reduce heat production
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Hyperthermia
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Prolonged exposure to the sun or a high environment temperature overwhelms the heat loss mechanism of the body
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Heatstroke
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Occurs when profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss
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Heat Exhaustion
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Heat loss during prolonged exposure to cold which overwhelms the body's ability to produce heat
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Hypothermia
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When the body is exposed to subnormal temperatures and ice crystals form inside the cell
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Frostbite
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Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
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C= (F-32) x 5/9
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Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
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F= 9/5C +32
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The movement of gases in and put of the lungs
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Ventilation
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The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and RBCs
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Diffusion
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The distribution of RBCs to and from the pulmonary capillaries
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Perfusion
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What does the body use to regulate ventilation
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CO2, O2, Hydrogen Ion Concentration
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What is the most important factor in the control of ventilation?
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Elevation in the CO2 level
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Excess CO2 in the system is called what?
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Hypercarbia
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Low levels of arterial O2
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Hypoxemia
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Why is administration of high oxygen levels in patients with chronic lung disease fatal?
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Because low level of arterial O2 is what helps control ventilation.
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Newborn Respiratory Rate
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35-40
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Infant (6 mos.) Respiratory Rate
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30-50
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Toddler (2 years) Respiratory Rate
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25-32
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Child Respiratory Rate
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20-30
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Adolescent Respiratory Rate
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16-20
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Adult Respiratory Rate
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12-20
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Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow (less than 12 breaths per min)
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Bradypnea
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Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (greater than 20 breaths per min)
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Tachypnea
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Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in rate
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Hyperpnea
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Respirations cease for several seconds.
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Apnea
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Rate and depth of respirations increase. Hypercarbia sometimes occurs.
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Hyperventilation
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Respiratory rate is abnormally low. Hypocarbia sometimes occurs.
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Hypoventilation
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Respiratory rate and depth are irregular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation.
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Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
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Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate
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Kussmaul's Respiration
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Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths followed by irregular periods of apnea
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Biot's Respiration
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The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs from the aorta
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Systolic pressure
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The pressure when the ventricles relax
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Diastolic Pressure
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The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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Pulse Pressure
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Describe Peripheral Resistance.
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The resistance if blood flow determined by the tone of vascular musculature and the diameter of blood vessels
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What is average amount of circulating blood in an adult
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5000 mL
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Average Blood Pressure for a newborn
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40(mean)
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Average blood pressure for a 1 month old
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85/54
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Average blood pressure for a 1 year old
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95/65
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Average blood pressure for a 6 year old
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105/65
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Average blood pressure (age 10-13 years)
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110-65
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Average Blood Pressure (age14-17 years)
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119/75
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Average Blood Pressure (18 years and older)
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120/80
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Pre-hypertension values
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140/90
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Hypertension
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BP greater than 140/90
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Name 6 types of anti-hypertensive medications
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Diuretics
Beta-adrenergic Blockers Vasodilators Calcium channel blockers Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin-II receptor blockers |
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Condition in which systolic BP falls below 90 mm/Hg
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Hypotension
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