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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Speciation
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the process by which one speices spilts into tow or more species
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microevolution
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changes over time in allele frequencies in a population
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macroevolution
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the broead pattern of evolution over long time spans
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biologoical species concept
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a species is a group of population whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce, viable, fertile offspring but not with other species.
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reproductive isolation
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the existance of biological factors that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring.
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hybrids
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offspring that result from an interspecific, mating
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prezygotic barriers
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block fertilization from occuring
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postzygotic barriers
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may contribute to reproduction isolation
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morphological species concept
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characterizes a species by body shape and other structural feature
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ecological species concept
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views a species in terms of it's niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and livinng parts of their enviroment
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phylogenetic species concept
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defines a species as the smallest group of indiviuals that share a common ancestor
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allopatric speciation
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gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations
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sympatric speciation
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speciation occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area
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polyploidy
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extra sets of chromosomes
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autopolyploidy
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is an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a species
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allopolyploidy
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are fertile when mating with each other but cannon interbreed with either parent species; thus they represent a new biological species.
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hybrid zone
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a region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry.
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punctuated equilibria
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periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden change
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